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Direct characterization:
The way an author describes the character's traits to the reader directly
Indirect characterization:
How the author shows the reader what a character is like by describing what the character says, does, or how he responds to events in the story, e.g.
A character's personality is revealed through thoughts, statements, dialogue, actions, behavior and other reactions
What time is the story set?
A narrative device, often used in the beginning to provide us with some background information about the characters and their circumstances . In this story the exposition is when Schatz seems to be ill.
A complication in the story that creates some sort of conflict for the protagonist and builds in intensity.In A day's wait this is when the doctor announces the temperature, which is 102.
The point at which the conflict is resolved. At the end of the story, Schatz recognizes that his sickness isn't dangerous, and how he feels better the next day, crying for every little thing.
What is the conflict in this story?
Although there are multiple sources of conflicts in this story, the main conflict surrounds Schatz' reaction to the information he received from his peers in France. throughout the story the reader is able to see how Schatz' illness and high fever also play an important role in the development of the conflict. On several occations Schatz battles with his own mentality to maintain a level head regarding his condition, after the boys in France told him he couldn't live with fourtyfour degrees. Though he started out with being worried, he accepts his "inevitable" fate bu discussing his concerns with his father.This conflict is inherent, as the boy experiences conflicting emotions of sadness and acceptance.
Action that is characterized by diminishing tension, and ends with the resolution of the plot's conflicts and complications.The falling action here is when his father explains the difference between the two scales.
The moment of greatest emotional tension in a narrative, making a turning point in the plot. In this story the climax occurs when Schatz says: "About what time do you think I'm going to die?" as he was confused between the Fahrenheit scale and the Celsius scale. His temperature was 102 degrees Fahrenheit.
Most fictional stories centers on a conflict_a struggle between opposing forces.There are two kinds of conflicts: when there is an external conflict,the character struggles with an out,a sideforce, e.g another character, nature, etc. When there is an internal conflitc, a character struggles with himself to overcome a problem.
When does the story take place
Year, time of the day, season,
Where does the story take place?
World, country, city, house, appartment, countryside, bog,outside, inside, upside down, etc.
Characters: Are the people or animals that take part in the story's action
Characterization: Is the way the writer reveals a character's personality and qualities
Identifying the theme:
The narrator
The theme of a short story is simply its meaning. It is the main idea explored in the story by the writer. It answers the question: What did you learn about the human condition or human nature?
Are there other characters involved?
3.Ask yourself: How does the character change from the beginning of the story to the end of the story?
4.Ask yourself: What does the story suggest about human nature? Two common themes are good versus evil. Another is that the human heart cannot endure the burden of guilt. Another is that we have a dark side, alter ego, that can do wicked things, commit evil acts.
6.Sometimes the theme is suggested in the title. For instance in Hemmingway’s Hills like White Elephants, we understand that a “white elephant is a symbol for something that is not wanted.
Sometimes a writer crafts a story with a central idea, in which the theme is easy to identify and understand—such as love, hatred, death.
Often, though, writers craft stories in which the theme is implied, not easily identified. And so, the theme can often be understood in the plot of a story, through the characters of a story, by understanding the conflict. The reader must analyze the story to determine its theme.
9.The theme of a story can sometimes be understood by its setting. Where does the story take place? What historical time frame? Did social change occur during this period?
7.Look for key phrases or sentences. Sometimes the writer reveals the theme by repeating symbols or motifs.
2.Understand the epiphany. Usually, you can define the theme of a story once you understand the epiphany—what does the protagonist learn, what is the revelation.
5.Ask yourself: What does the story suggest about the human condition? The literature of short fiction includes several themes that are often repeated.
8.A common way to understand the theme is by identify the “big idea”, what the story is about—love, death, crime, abortion, lust, human nature, divorce, abuse, and so forth.
1.Understand the main conflict of the short story. “In Hills like White Elephants”, Hemingway writes about unplanned pregnancy and the need for an abortion. The theme is implied through a conversation between the man and his girlfriend.
Published as part of a story collection in 1933
Focus on a father and his son Schatz (ger. darling) The boy is sick with the flu.
A doctor is called, examins him, leaving him thinking he is going to die with a temperature of 102 degrees.
His father knows nothing of his thoughts and they seem to talk past each other.
His father goes out to hunt quail, and returns only to find his son in the same position as he left him.
In the end the misunderstanding is cleared up, and the boy can finally relax without being afraid he's not going to wake up
He is a caring father, who looks after his sick son.He also enjoys hunting.Typical male, as he does not see that something is bothering Scatz
A boy of nine, who wakes up one day with the flu.He is scared he is going to die, because of his high fever. He is a very typical Hemingway-character; silent and courageous, not telling his father what is bothering him, but rather keep it to himself to the last.
THERE IS ALWAYS A THEME, WETHER YOU FIND IT OR NOT: KEEP LOOKING!