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Speech Community vs Community of Practice
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Community of Practice
Speech community
It is a language-based unit of social analysis used in traditional sociolinguistic research.
It has allowed sociolinguists to demonstrate that many linguistic phenomena previously
relegated to the realm of free variation are in fact socially structured.
It is an ethnographic, activity-based approach.
The community of practice model has its roots in the PRACTICE THEORY.
Bourdieu (1978, 1991)
Certeau (1984)
Ortner (1996)
It has been introduced into sociolinguistics specifically to address issues of gender, by Eckert & McConnell-Ginet (1992)
Inadequacies:
(a) Its tendency to take language as central.
(b) Its emphasis on consensus as the organizing principle of community.
(c) Its preference for studying central members of the community over those
at the margins.
(d) Its focus on the group at the expense of individuals.
(e) Its view of identity as a set of static categories.
(f ) Its valorization of researchers’ interpretations over participants’ own un-
derstandings of their practices.
Research developed in the article:
Analysis of linguistic practices of a community of female nerds at US high school.
Illustration of how the members of this group negotiate aspects of the group's identity, such as gender.
Identity Practices
Positive identity practices are those in which individuals engage in order actively to construct a chosen identity.
Negative identity practices are those that individuals employ to distance themselves from a
rejected identity
Conclusion
About the Author:
Ph. D. Mary Bucholtz is a sociocultural linguistic from the Department of Linguistics of the University of California, Santa Barbara.
The community of practice represents an improvement over the speech community in that it addresses itself to both the social and the linguistic aspects of the discipline.
About her work:
Source: http://www.linguistics.ucsb.edu/faculty/bucholtz/sites/secure.lsit.ucsb.edu.ling.cms_bucholtz/files/images/bucholtz-portrait.jpg
Her research focuses on how social identities and cultural practices are brought into being through linguistic interaction. She investigated this question in relation to race, gender, and youth identities (...).
Her current research seeks to explore the diverse forms of language and culture within California (...)
Source: http://www.linguistics.ucsb.edu/faculty/bucholtz/home