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The same process can now be applied to the second sentence. However, due to its complex nature, this one is more difficult…
He did, however, change the world by using an assembly line technique to produce cars which could be afforded by everyone.
Below is a short text to be paraphrased.
Henry Ford did not invent the automobile or the assembly line. He did, however, change the world by using an assembly line technique to produce cars which could be afforded by everyone. From 1909 to 1927, the Ford Motor Company built more than 15 million Model T cars. Without a doubt, Henry Ford transformed the economic and social fabric of the 20th century.
The first thing to do is to split it up into individual sentences. Next, the words and phrases that can be altered (and the way in which they can be altered) should be identified.
However – although, but
Change – transform, transformation, revolutionise, revolution
World – global
Using – use, implementing, implementation, applying, application
Assembly line – production line
Technique – method, practice
Produce – production, make, build, manufacture
Cars – automobiles, vehicles
Be afforded – afford, affordable, bought, buy
By everyone – all, anyone, universally
Henry Ford did not invent the automobile or the assembly line.
Invent – invention, inventor, inventive, was invented
Automobile – car
Assembly line – production line
• However, he transformed the world by using production line methods to manufacture vehicles which all people could afford.
• However, his use of production line methods to manufacture vehicles which all people could afford transformed the world.
• However, his use of production line methods to manufacture universally affordable vehicles began a global revolution.
Then, the sentence can be rewritten in a variety of ways. Eg:
• The car and the production line were not invented by Henry Ford.
• Henry Ford was not the inventor of the car or the production line.
• Henry Ford was not responsible for the invention of the car or the production line.
Think: CLASS
Centre for Learning and Academic Skills Support
Academic Skills
Paraphrasing is writing the ideas of another person in your own words.
Paraphrasing is useful when you want to support your opinion using other peoples work.
However, you must keep the meaning the same.
e.g. cause/effect, generalisation, and contrast.
Break up long sentences, combine short sentences.
The purpose of academic writing is to express your opinion using evidence or examples from reliable
sources.
You can do this by reporting the works of others in your own words.
You can either:
In all cases you need to acknowledge other people's work.
Read the text below and identify the key points, then write a summary of the text.
Read the quotes below and summarise them in as few words as possible.
Finding extra time
Students can benefit from using small amounts of time for study purposes. There are lots of small amounts of time people overlook, such as traveling to and from university, or between classes. While these times can sometimes be used to relax and to ‘switch off’, they can also be used more actively; to read a chapter, to solve a problem or revise for a test. These short study sessions are particularly useful for busy students.
Start by reading a short text and highlighting the main points:
Change the structure :
Reread the text and make notes of the main points, leaving out examples, evidence etc.
Without the text, rewrite your notes in your own words; restate the main ideas
Finding extra time
Students can benefit from using small amounts of time for study purposes. There are lots of small amounts of time people overlook, such as travelling to and from university, or between classes. While these times can sometimes be used to relax and to ‘switch off’, they can also be used more actively; to read a chapter, to solve a problem or revise for a test. These short study sessions are particularly useful for busy students.
People whose professional activity lies in the field of politics are not, on the whole, conspicuous for their respect for factual accuracy.
The climatic conditions prevailing in Australia show a pattern of alternating and unpredictable periods of dry and wet weather, accompanied by a similarly irregular cycle of temperature changes.
It is not uncommon to encounter sentences which, though they contain a great number of words and are constructed in a highly complex way, none the less turn out on inspection to convey very little meaning of any kind.
One of the most noticeable phenomena in any big city, such as London or Paris, is the steadily increasing number of petrol-driven vehicles, some in private ownership, others belonging to the public transport system, which congest the roads and render rapid movement more difficult year by year.
Synthesis example
People whose professional activity lies in the field of politics are not, on the whole, conspicuous for their respect for factual accuracy.
Politicians often lie.
The climatic conditions prevailing in Australia show a pattern of alternating and unpredictable periods of dry and wet weather, accompanied by a similarly irregular cycle of temperature changes.
Australian weather is changeable.
It is not uncommon to encounter sentences which, though they contain a great number of words and are constructed in a highly complex way, none the less turn out on inspection to convey very little meaning of any kind.
Some long and complicated sentences mean very little.
One of the most noticeable phenomena in any big city, such as London or Paris, is the steadily increasing number of petrol-driven vehicles, some in private ownership, others belonging to the public transport system, which congest the roads and render rapid movement more difficult year by year.
Big cities have growing traffic problems.
Read the following extracts and select the important points and themes, and summarise them.
Surrealism also impacted interior design in important and lasting ways. It set itself up against a reductive modernism that valued simplicity, clarity, rationality and representational honesty. Surrealist design--like its postmodern child a naif century later--was to be complex, obscure, irrational and fantastic. Nothing was what it appeared to be. That was
the point. (Duncan 2009)
Inspired by the volumetric treatment of form by the French post- impressionist artist Paul Cezanne, Picasso and Georges Braque painted landscapes in i908 in a style later described 'by a critic as being made of "little cubes," thus leading to the term cubism. Some of their paintings are so similar that many critics find it difficult to tell them apart. ‘Working together between 1908 and 1911, they were Concerned with breaking down and analysing form, and together they developed the first phase of Cubism, known as analytic Cubism. (Johnson 2009)
In 1912, pasting paper and a piece of oilcloth to the canvas and combining these with painted areas Picasso created his first collage, "Still Life with Chair Caning". This technique marked a transition to synthetic cubism. This second phase of cubism is more decorative, and colour plays a major role, although shapes remain fragmented and flat.
(Moffat 2006)
The Form Master at the Bauhaus furniture workshop in Weimar was Gropius, who had experience of furniture design with the Deutsche Werkbund. Based on his ideas that the needs of all people were the same and that modem life required radically different furniture to that of the past, the workshop produced designs which were based on economical use of materials and simple forms (Art &Deeigri 1999)
The following stages may be useful:
Synthesis activity
Think: CLASS
Centre for Learning and Academic Skills Support
Thank You