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Convergence

-The process of an individual adapting their verbal and non-verbal patterns of interaction to closely resemble the behaviors of his or her interlocutor

-Response latency, self-disclosure, head nodding/facial affect, and posture are all considered behaviors

-Most Common: Want to know other person's background or attraction

-The greater the want for social approval the greater the liklihood of convergence

Subsets of Divergence

-Underaccomodation/maintenance: no effort

-Overaccomodation: overly compensate

-Sensory

-Dependency

-Intergroup

Hierarchy of Divergent Strategy

-Indexical and symbolic dissociation

-Explicit propositional nonalignment

-Physical absense: abrasive humor, verbal abuse, and interactional dissolution

Cardiff DJ Case Study

-Shifted dialects

-Mimicry: Positive or negative?

-Intentions?

Speech Beginnings

Divergence

-A speaker embraces the differences with whom they are communicating with

-Want to keep an identity with a reference group

-CAT began as a speech theory in 1971

-People from different cultural backgrounds would change their choice of language, accent, dialect, and paralinguistic features

-Figured out that depending on how individuals related to another person's speech, it would determine their behaviors during the conversation

-Giles and colleagues ran into some trouble figuring out the motives and accuracy of a person's accommodation

-This led to the formation of CAT including both verbal and non-verbal behaviors during social interaction

In Conclusion

Overview

“Starting with the creation of social relations, the social appreciation has been deeply valued – the human essence has changed and we need to see this fact naturally: the human being as a social being is concentrated on the exterior; in substance, he acquires the vital feeling only by the way he perceives what others think about him” -Neumann

-Communication Accomodation Theory named in 1987

-Social psychologist Howard Giles

-Reasoning: Why when people first meet each other do they tend to change their persona?

-Accomodation: "The constant movement toward or away from others by changing your communicative behavior."

-Main Point: CAT Strategies and application

Welsh Divergence

-Giles' and Bourhis study

-Only 26% of Welsh citizens could speak national language at the time in 1977

-"Dying language with dismal future"

-Outcome: Greater group membership

-Convergence (lexical repetition) was in fact a crucial aspect in learning a 2nd language!

Convergence Across Different Languages

-Study done by Swedish Professors Jens Allwood and Elizabeth Alsén at the University of Götenberg in 1986

-Study tested convergence between language learner and Target Language Speaker (TLS)

-Test Subjects: Swedes, Latin Americans, and Finnish

-Main Purpose: Why do humans want to converge in conversation?

Additional Questions

-Is there "lexical convergence" in the learning of a 2nd language?

-Power relations and ethical considerations?

CAT: The Strategies of Convergence and Divergence

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