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References

(Dewey, 1938,97, Chapter 1, ‘Traditional vs Progressive Education’, p 23,19,18, 17).

(Lloyd, D. (2002). Philosophy and the teacher. 1st ed. London [u.a.]: Routledge, p.18.)

(Tait, 2013, ‘Philosophy’ p. 215).

Ackerman, D. (2003). Taproots for a New Century: Tapping the Best of Traditional and Progressive Education. Phi Delta Kappan, 84(5), pp.344-349.

Differences Between Traditional and Progressive Education . 2017. Differences Between Traditional and Progressive Education . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.wingraschool.org/who/progressive.htm. [Accessed 02 April 2017].

John Dewey

Progressive

Traditional

Dewey however has a different approach to schooling as that he believes that students should be lead to the approach of critically engaging, critiquing and evaluating the practices within society and how it is possible to improve them.

Society has a close relationship with the kind of schools which are being set up, especially the kind of ‘educational philosophy that underpins those schools.’ (Tait, 2013, ‘Philosophy’ p. 215). Society is attempting to assist what sort of citizens that are going to be produced once they have left school. For traditional schooling society can take a democratic approach. Moreover, a progressive education can create persons that are politically involved.

Dewey states that ‘We may reject knowledge of the past as the end of education and thereby only emphasize its importance as a means.’ (Dewey, 1938/97, Chapter 1, ‘Traditional vs Progressive Education’, p. 23).

Dewey articulates that ‘learning here means acquisition of what already is incorporated in books and in the head of the elders.’ (Dewey, 1938/1997, Chapter 1, ‘Traditional vs Progressive Education’, p. 19).

Traditional education

It is known that the main purpose of traditional education 'is to prepare the young for future responsibilities and for success in life.' The attitude of the students must be one which is 'of docility, receptivity and obedience.' (Dewey, 1938/97, Chapter 1, 'Traditional vs Progressive Education', p. 18). For example, collateral learning is a way of traditional educations.

Progressive education

On the other hand, progressive education is seen in a different light due to that it promotes an either-or philosophy. As a result of promoting 'learning by experience' there has been no clear theory of the 'learning of experience' if it provides guidance and direction for the student to ensure that they are being educated.

Reference

(Dewey, 1938/97, Chapter 1, 'Traditional vs Progressive Education', p. 18)

Education

John Dewey stated that education is "based upon natural endowments and that (it) is a process of overcoming natural inclination and substitution in its place habits acquired under external pressure."

Purpose

Purpose

In the view of progressive education forcing the knowledge of the past upon students today is diminishing them and does not promote their individual freedom. Due to the lack of freedom, 'progressive school's focus on the student learning from his or her own experience with guided opportunities to explore, discover, construct, and create.' (Hammond et al, p. 7)

The approach taken towards traditional education is to translate the knowledge of the past to students to assist in those who are preparing themselves to undertake the adult society therefore determining 'what the proper balance is on teacher transmission.' (Hammond et al, p. 7.)

Who?

Through the conservative teaching of traditional education it can promote for the students to become someone who is obedient and conforms to society instead of voicing their opinion and forming into someone they strive to be.

Characteristics

Who?

Progressive education can cause corrupt within a student's life due to their encouragement of students opting-out of society's norm for their benefit of 'true freedom' and becoming content with life.

Traditional

Progressive

- Teaching children

- Intuition

- Educates the emotions of students

- Free and calm environment

- Fun

- Customarily teaches subjects

- Uses logic

- Teaches the intellect

- Keen on its standards

- Teaching is tedious

- Rote methods

- Repressive atmosphere

Traditional knowledge is wisdom from textbooks. Education is preparation for the future. However, progressive knowledge does not encourage knowledge instead it devalues it and values the student’s interests and their freedom. Education is the initiation into life in the present.

Traditional and progressive education

‘Books, especially textbooks, are the chief representatives of the lore and wisdom of the past, while teachers are the organs through which pupils are brought into effective connection with the material. Teachers are the agents through which knowledge and skills are communicated and rules of conduct enforced.’ – pg 18

By: caitlyn Oakley

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