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Horizontal Inequalities:
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Horizontal Inequalities:
an explanation to identity politics in New War
What is New War?
Goal: Identity Politics
a political claim and a right to state power by groups who mobilize around ethnic, racial or religious identity.
Methods: Fear and Hatred
state and non-state actors who use fear and hatred to control the population by targeting the civilian population; lots of human rights violations
Finance: Internal & External
financiers are increasingly from outside the geopolitical boundaries: diaspora communities, private enterprises, etc.
Case Studies
Cote d'Ivoire
Social Inequality
- Autochthones
- Host-stranger relations
Political horizontal inequality
- Henry Konan Bedie
- Military
- Robert Gueii
- L'Ivoirite
- Laurent Gbagbo
- Political seats
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Chosen Trauma - the shared image of an event that causes a large group (i.e., ethnic group) to feel helpless, victimized and humiliated by another group
Transgenerational Transmission - passing of chosen trauma from generation to generation
- Ottoman Empire
- World War II
- Mass grave monument & commemorative ceremonies
Identity Politics
Greedy?
Greed vs. Grievance
Greed-motivated - the desire to improve one’s situation through economic means
Grievance-motivated rebellion - seeks to address the concerns of groups who have been affected by inequalities on the basis of identity
Identity Politics
“economic/criminal self-interests, love of adventure, personal or family vendettas or fascination with violence” (Kaldor, 2013: 11)