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Jewish Boy Surrenders At Warsaw

photographer unknown .

Anthropology

Gender roles

The Nazi ideology would target all jews (and other groups) whether they were men, women, and children. ( Woman During)

However, there would be certain treatments that only certain genders would get.

Lil' Back Story Behind Jewish Boy Surrendering

The Polish

Roma ( Gypsies )

Were seen as part of the inferior group, and were forced into labor, and eventually annihilation. (Mosaic...Overview)

Poles that were well educated, or catholic priests were considered ideologically dangerous and were targeted for execution. (Mosaic...Overview)

1.9 non-jewish polish civilians were killed during WWII.(Mosaic...Overview)

-Believed to be Soviet spies, criminals, socially unfit, and unproductive. (Mosaic...Overview) (Mosaic...In Depth)

Women

Homosexuals

Men

Homosexuals

-Were seen as an obstacle to the preservation and well being of the German Nation. (Mosaic...Overview)

-They were referred to as “ chronic homosexuals” and were also sent to concentration camps. (Mosaic...Overview)

Slavic people

-All Males were forced to work in labor. ( Polish Victims)

-Young Polish men would be forced into the German army. (Holocaust forgotten)

Social Statuses

Slavic People

-Slavic people are people from eastern Europe or Russia. (The Free dictionary,Slavic people)

E.g. Belarusians, Ukrainians, and Polish.

-They were all also considered racially inferior. (Mosaic...In Depth)

Children

The Disabled

The "Useless Eaters" Group

-Jews were not the only targets during the holocaust. (Mosaic...Overview)

-Nazis also targeted other groups for racial or ideological reasons. (Mosaic...Overview)

- The other groups were : The Polish, Slavic people, Roma, Homosexuals, the Disabled, Political opponents, repeat criminal offenders, Jehovah’s Witnesses, anyone who opposed Hitler/ Nazi ideology, Black people, and the “useless eaters”. (Mosaic...Overview) (Mosaic...In Depth) (Children During)

Children

-Were executed if they belonged in one of the targeted categories and weren’t able to work either. (Children During)

Children were killed for the following other reasons

Born in ghettos/ camp but survived due to prisoners hiding them.(Children During)

Children who were used as laborers and as test subjects of medical experiments. (Children During)

-If you couldn't work, you were considered useless and of no benefit to Germany. You were just a waste of space, time, and food. (Children During)

-The elderly, and youth younger than 12 were also considered to be in this category. (Children During)

-The Disabled ( Physically / Mentally)

Were seen as a threat to the gene pool of the master race.(Mosaic...In Depth)

-They were often just sent to get killed, since they couldn’t really benefit the nazi’s the way they needed them to. (Mosaic...In Depth)

Psychology

-In camps and ghettos, girls were more likely and vulnerable to getting raped and beaten. (Woman During)

-Women would also be forced to submit to sexual relations with the Nazis for food, necessities and basic comforts. (Woman During)

-Pregnant women tried to hide the fact that they were pregnant or else they would be forced to have an abortion. (Woman During)

-Not all pregnant ladies would end up with their baby being killed. This was because some of the pregnancies were a result to the sexual relations German Nazis had with some of the women. (Woman During)

- A “race expert” would determine whether or not the child would be capable of “Germanization”. (Woman During)

-If the baby was seen fit, the baby would live, but if not, women were forced to have an abortion.(Woman During)

- Women may also be sent to makeshift nurseries, where after giving birth to the “unfit” baby, the baby would either be killed or sent back to its homeland without food or medical care. (Woman During)

- Women who arrived at the camps already pregnant would be seen as people who couldn’t really benefit the Nazis through any kind of labor, so they would be sent with one of the first groups sent to get killed in the gas chambers. (Woman During)

-There were certain camps made for Women prisoners only as well. (Woman During)

- There were also many brothels where women were forced to work there.(Woman During)

- Women (of Jewish and Roma) would be experimented on by German physicians and medical researchers as well, and people who were experimented on had a higher chance of being sent to get exterminated if the experiment went badly. (Woman During)

-Women would be put in charge of working for clothing repair, cooking, laundry, and housecleaning as labour work. (Woman During)

Classification System

Classification System

People were marked according to what kind of target they were.

Jewish = yellow star made of two yellow triangles. (Classification System)

One of the triangles would be a different colour if the jew belonged to another category. (Classification System)

Criminals = Green triangle (Classification System)

Political Enemies = Red triangle (Classification System)

Roma or people with roma like behavior = black/ brown triangle(Classification System)

Homosexuals = Pink triangles (Classification System)

Jehovah’s Witnesses = Purple Triangle (Classification System)

Ethnic issues and Culture of Violence.

-During the time , Poland was occupied by both Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. (Poland)

- This was due to the fact that both countries made a pact called the Hitler- Stalin Pact, on August 23, 1939.(Poland)

- The pact meant that on the day of invasion, Hitler will invade the west side of Poland while Stalin invades the East side of Poland.(Poland)

-Hitler believed that Germans were the superiors and demanded that they get more lebensraum. (Nazi Crimes)

-He wanted to do this by expanding German territory, by taking over Poland’s. (Nazi Crimes)

- Before the invasion in Poland he gave explicit permission to commanders to kill “ without pity or mercy, all men, women, and children of Polish descent or language.”.(Nazi Crimes)

- With the permission of hitler and other commanders, ethnic cleansing was done against the polish. They wanted to fully get rid of anything that wasn’t German so that their lebensraum would be a German only space. (Polish Culture during WWII)

Historical Impact

After WWII, new laws and rights were made for the world, and people were brought to justice.

New Laws

-The United Nations was made on October 24, 1945. To prevent such a disastrous war from ever happening again. (United Nations)

-At the time, there were only 51 state members, but now there are 193.(United Nations)

-Some of the New laws United Nations created laws that put government officials through trials for committing crimes against humanity. (A Changed World)

-United nations made it required by law for governments to “ undertake to prevent and punish the crime of genocide”.(A Changed World)

-Human Rights became an international concern. (A Changed World)

By 1948, UN made the Declaration of Human Rights.(A Changed World)

-The “ Nuremberg Code” was established. It stated that for the use of human subjects in medical studies, “ the voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential”. (A Changed World)

-This photo gave a face to those who died, making the picture more powerful. (Jewish boy)

- Out of all the photos in the Stroop report, none had the same impact as the young boy. ( Jewish boy)

-People could see how bad the holocaust really was, even if they already knew. Seeing this photo makes people aware of how the violence in Nazi Ideology had no mercy, and killed anyone seen as "unfit" to them.

-The photo made people feel for the victims, and let the ewers grow hate for whatever was making the boy raise his arms.

-It helped people realize that what happened was unethical and wrong.

- Survivors may even weep to the memory of those years. It may trigger PTSD for others, through triggering re-experience symptoms such as flashbacks, or frightening thoughts.

- Through this iconic photo, the unidentified young boy became the face that represented the 6 million defenseless jews and non-jews who were killed in the holocaust.

Justice

Conformity

Why They May Have Conformed?

-The Nuremberg Trials were a series of 13 trials that carried out in Nuremberg, Germany between 1945-1949. (Nuremberg Trials)

-It was held to bring all people who were a part of the Nazi war crimes to justice. (Nuremberg Trials)

-Hitler said " What good fortune for governments that people don't think". (The Nazis in Power)

- Hitler was referring to the fact that the rules he made were successful at being obeyed because he knew that most of the individuals he sets his rules on were conformists, who didn't think for them selves. (The Nazis in Power)

-Hitler not only planned how to convince, but also when. (The Nazis in Power)

-He ordered Nazi officials to hold rallies during the evening. At that time people were weaker to resist, and more tired. (The Nazi in Power)

It was easier to get their emotions to surrender and agree with the rallies. (The Nazi in Power)

-It was easier for Nazis to conform with other Nazis. Harder Vice Versa.

-They were taught to hate certain groups through Nazi ideology and were promised to thrive as a reward. Thriving was seen as a great reward, especially since Germany was still recovering from WWI and the Great Depression.

- Nazis could conform from the fear of being punished obeying.

-Conforming & listening to authority didn't make it O.K to commit these crimes, but these are influences that can make people do anything.

Dr.Zimbardo- Stanford Prison Experiment

Milgram's Experiment - Obedience

- The nazis were often in locations where Hitler was not supervising and so no punishment would be set on the Nazi if he were to spare someone.

-Nazis still obeyed with instructions, even if he was alone, simply because of the fear of an authority figure

- Nazis were more likely to do their job when surrounded by other Nazis. The other nazis will be seen as authority figures and bring fear, as well as remind the Nazi of the authority figure Hitler.

-In the experiment, a teacher is told to give electric shock to a student whenever he answers him/her incorrectly. (Collishaw, 198)

-Shock voltage increases each time student answers incorrectly. (Collishaw,198)

-The teacher was told what to do by an authority figure, while being fully aware there is no consequences for disobeying.

-Zimbardo created a mock prison with a group of young men from Stanford University. (Collishaw, 238)

- Group was randomly divided into two groups- Prisoners and guards . ( Collishaw, 238)

- Prisoners were arrested, dressed as prisoners, and were dehuminized. (Collishaw, 238)

- Guards were dressed as Guards. (Collishaw,238)

- At the beginning, people weren't taking things seriously. (Collishaw, 238)

-Guards became upset from prisoners rebellion and started to treat them with cruelty. (Collishaw,238)

- They used tactics similar to the Tactics Nazis used during WWII. (Collishaw,238)

- Guards and Prisoners seemed to have forgotten that it's a mock prison. (Collishaw,238)

- Prisoners tried to get released as prisoners , instead of as students. ( Collishaw, 238)

- Nazis and Jews used to not be enemies and were suffering at the same level before WWII. Then when told that they are superior things changed.

- Even though Nazis were told to just kill their targets, Nazis came up with new tactics of torture themselves. Hitler didn't interfere because to him this wasn't a bad thing.

-Similar to Zimbardo, while the guards got too into their roles, they came up with new tacticts themselves , but Zimbardo didn't interfere since he saw it as a fascinating thing.

Sociology - Group Behavior

Frustration Aggression Theory ( Collishaw, 274)

Bibliography

Recent Impact

The holocaust and pretty much all of WW2 was a demonstration of pure destruction, and showed what humanity can really do, especially to one another. Now a days we are taught to treat others the way we want to be treated. We are taught not to discriminate and we believe that we must do our best to bring justice to the victims of the past, and give the rights to the people of the present so we can have a better future.

Austria will get a new left leading president after rejecting a Far right candidate. Why?

Far Right candidate Norbert Hofer, was trying to become president. He would’ve been the first far right head of state in Europe since WWII.

He was from a party founded by former nazis .

Reporter says : “May have been one step too far”.

You can see how the Austrians made the right decision, because they learned from history and didn’t want to repeat it.

Just Before WWII, Germany was in a really bad state due to their loss in WW1. Hitler made the jews the scapegoats of Germany for it's failures.( Collishaw, 274)

This hatred and discrimination was increasing up to the point that it led to a holocaust. ( Collishaw, 274)

Jews were not the only one's getting discriminated. There were other groups that were discriminated against as well.( Collishaw, 274)

This theory believes that people will choose to blame a certain group(s) when they are going through a tough time. ( Collishaw, 274)

Doing this helps them to focus better on solutions to their time of grief, but it may not lead to the right solutions if they have the wrong idea of what the problem is in their head. The holocaust is a good example of this.

Collishaw, R., Kritzer, S., & Warecki, P. (2011). Social Science: An Introduction. Canada: Ian

Nussbaum.

Farlex.2013-2017.Slavic people. The Free Dictionary. Retrieved from

www.thefreedictionary.com/Slavic+people

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www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/nuremberg-trials

(2017). Jewish Boy Surrenders in Warsaw. Time 100 Photos. Retrieved from

http://100photos.time.com/photos/jewish-boy-surrenders-warsaw

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from http://100photos.time.com/photos/jewish-boy-surrenders-warsaw#photograph

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www.everyculture.com/No- Sa/Poland.html

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Ourselves. Retrieved from www.facinghistory.org/resource-library/decision-making-times-injustice/nazis-in-power-propaganda-conformity

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Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_culture_during_World_War_II

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