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* Socialism- a systems in which the government controls part of the economy.
-Reasoning:
~ End foreign influence on economy
~ Cease inequality between wealthy and poor.
* In attempt to increase income, many governments grew cash crops (coffee, cotton, etc.) Yet land used for cash crops could not serve to produce food as well.
-It was then necessary to import food that countries had once been able to produce independently
*Severe droughts led to famine and desertification in some African regions. (you can take out the underlined part on the note sheet so they can fill that in)
-AIDS, a disease that disables the body from fighting infections, kills 2 million people every year in Africa, devastating nations’ populations and economies.
*Urbanization brought many benefits to Africa, such as a growing trade market that benefited women, and a sense of unity; however, it did devalue the varied ethnic cultures and traditions.
-African animals were becoming endangered due to urbanization, farming, and logging.
*Tanzania has been poor since its independence and remains poor because African socialism failed to work there.
-Post World War II, Africa struggled to develop social and economic stability.
-In order to develop (create productive economies and improve living standards) Africa would need to establish industries, build transportation systems, develop resources, increase literacy, and resolve rural poverty. Many nations had little Capital to invest in such endeavors.
-Many nations turned to Socialism.
- Socialism- a systems in which the government controls part of the economy.
-Reasoning:
a.) End foreign influence on economy
b.) Cease inequality between wealthy and poor.
However, socialism led to large bureaucracies, which resulted in general inefficiency.
-Other nations relied on capitalism.
Capitalism- market economy with private ownership of property.
Although generally more efficient, capitalism allowed more profit to be taken out of country by foreign powers.
-In attempt to increase income, many governments grew cash crops (coffee, cotton, etc.) Yet land used for cash crops could not serve to produce food as well.
-It was then necessary to import food that countries had once been able to produce independently. This was expensive.
- In addition, many nations relied on a single crop, such as coffee to sustain their entire economy. This put the economic well-being of a country at the whim of an abrupt shift in market.
-Governments kept food prices low to prevent unrest among urban poor. This, however, discouraged local farmers from producing food crops.
Result: Governments had to subsidize (support through government spending) part of the cost of importing food from oversea.
-In the late 1900s, severe droughts bring famine to several regions in Africa, killing livestock and turning farmland to dust
-Desertification (the change from fertile land to desert) occurred in the Sahel, a semi-desert region south of the Sahara
-Relief efforts failed to end food shortages
African nations faced many challenges including rapid population growth, disease, migration of people from rural areas to cities, and damage to the environment and wildlife.
-Since the 1980s, AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) has spread rapidly across Africa
-AIDS is caused by HIV, which damages the body’s ability to fight off infections
-More than 2 million Africans die from the disease each year, including parents and skilled workers
-Urbanization: The movement of people from rural areas to cities
-Women especially benefited from this, as they dominated the markets as traders
-Urbanization brought Africa a sense of unity
-Unlike before, with conflicting loyalties to different ethnic groups
-However, Africa’s unity meant that it lost many traditional cultures and diminished the values of ethnic ties
-Urbanization, farming, and logging destroyed 70 percent of Africa's animal habitats.
-Endangered species: species threatened with extinction
-Foreign demand for ivory, rare pelts , and furs encouraged poor Africans to kill endangered animals, even when laws made it illegal.
-Wangari Maathai was an enviromental activist who started the Green Belt movement.
-sustainable development- economic development that aims to provide lasting well-being for future generations rather than short term gains
-Tanzania won its independence in the early 1960's.
-50% of Tanzania's population is below the poverty line.
-"African Socialism"- an idea based on African village traditions of cooperation and shared responsibility, achieved through farmers moving to large villages to farm the land collectively.
-The goal of African Socialism was to increase output and sell surplus crops to towns for export.
-African Socialism failed in Tanzania for two main reasons.
1.Farmers refused to leave land.
2.The existence of a huge and inefficient government bureaucracy (government with many officials).
-As a result of this bureaucracy and high oil prices Tanzania went into debt.
-Nine tenths of Tanzanian workers work in agriculture.
-Tanzania relies on loans from international leaders to maintain its economy.
-Economy is boosted from the opening of a huge gold mine, and gets profits from gold.