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Baroque Sacred Music
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Cantata movements
- Prelude (purely instrumental)
- Chorale
- Three opportunities to be sung
- First, middle, and last movements
- Recitative (speech-like singing)
- Aria (dramatic solo)
- Duet
- Postlude (purely instrumental)
https://ilg.wwnorton.com/enjmusic13/bachwachetaufmvt1/focus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Bach_cantatas
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messiah_(Handel)
https://digital.wwnorton.com/enjmusic13
Cantata
- Elaboration of a chorale
- Multiple movements
Cantata textures
Varies by movement
- Homophonic (congregation)
- Polyphonic (professionals)
Baroque aria example
Review
Baroque Sacred Music
- Medieval and Renaissance sacred music
- Protestant Reformation
Eine feste burg
by Martin Luther
Chorale
Bach and the Lutheran Cantata
- Result of the Protestant Reformation
- Weekly hymn
- Related to Gospel of the day
- Interpretations of the Bible or Biblical text
Durch Adams Fall
Review from online quizzes
Oratorio
- In the Lutheran church, the weekly hymn sung by the congregation was called...
Review from online quiz
- The expansion of the chorale with new poetry resulted in the ...
"Place of prayer"
- Sacred cantatas were an integral part of which church?
- Which composer was born in Germany, studied in Italy, and found fame in England?
- Which genre did Handel found?
- What is Handel's most famous oratorio?
G.F. Handel
Review from online quiz
- For which instrument was Bach most famous in his day?
1685-1759
- Germany, Italy, Englad
40+ Italian operas
- Declining popularity of opera = English oratorio (NEW genre!)
- What different textures and movements would listeners hear in a Bach cantata?
Bach composed over 200 cantatas
- Hymnlike to fugal
- Chorales, recits, arias, duets
- Preludes set tone for service
Handel's oratorios
- Librettists = poets
- For profit
Handel is buried in Westminster Abby
Messiah
- 1742
- composed in 24 days
- Three parts
- Christmas
- Easter
- Redemption
Wachet auf
Overture
There were shepherds... Glory to God
by J.S. Bach
1731 - 7 movements
1: chorale fantasia
- march-like to announce Christ's arrival
- imitative polyphony
4: unison chorale for tenors
- orchestral countermelody
What is an oratorio?
https://digital.wwnorton.com/enjmusic13
- "Play-with-music" from Counter-Reformation
- Full orchestra, chorus, and solo vocalists
- No scenery, costumes, sets, acting, staging
- Biblical stories
- Multiple movements
Oratorio text
"Libretto"
- Similar to a play script
Oratorio movements
http://opera.stanford.edu/iu/libretti/messiah.htm
- Overture
- Chorus
- Recitative
- Aria
- Duet
- Trio