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o HEART of the Samba Band
o Largest used to keep the rhythm together
o The Surdo drum is usually made of metal and fitted with a top and bottom head (skin)
o It is usually fitted with a shoulder strap
o The right hand uses a padded beater to play the rhythm, and the left hand is used for the muffled (x) strokes
E.D. Name = Bass Drum
Hornbostel-Sachs = 211.232
Generic Name = Surdo
o The Caixa is a marching drum or snare drum.
o Different sizes, anything from 10-50 centemeters
o The snares are a row of small strings made out of metal or cat-gut, which is strung across the bottom head.
E.D. Name = Snare drum
Hornbostel-Sachs = 211.212
Generic Name = Caixa
o The tamborim is a small hand-held drum with a single head. The shell of the drum is usually made of metal.
o The drum is held in the left hand by the thumb and index finger.
E.D. Name = Tamborine
Hornbostel-Sachs = 211.3
Generic Name = Tamborim
Now used in the Rio Carnivals which are held around Easter time.
o Made of a tin cylinder filled with sand or beads/gravel
o Sometimes there are more imaginative models made with two cylinders or even small pieces of metal loosely attached (Ganza)
o The basic rhythm is played by moving the instrument away from the body and back towards the body again
E.D. Name = Shaker
Hornbostel-Sachs = 112.1
Generic Name = Chocalho
o Agogo bells are pairs of bells joined by a curved metal rod
o Shaped much longer than a regular cowbell and generally tuned in third
o Played with a stick held in the right hand while the left hand holds the instrument and can also squeeze the two bells together producing a "chick" sound
E.D. Name = Agogo bells
Hornbostel-Sachs = 111.232
Generic Name = Agogo bells
o The whistle is used to conduct the Samba band. It is loud enough to cut through the noise of all the drumming.
E.D. Name = Whistle
Hornbostel-Sachs = 421.221.11
Generic Name = Apito
o The cuíca is a single-headed Brazilian friction drum, in which sound is produced by rubbing a short, thin, carved bamboo cane attached to the membrane on the inside of the instrument.
o It produces an unearthly sound and exceptional pitch range; hence its popularity as a solo instrument.
o The pitch is altered by pressing the thumb against the skin near the node where the cane is tied.
E.D. Name = Cuica
Hornbostel-Sachs = 211.2
Generic Name = Cuica
Slaves originally used the music for religious occasions
o In samba, the guitar is used more at formal occasions, than street performances
E.D. Name = Guitar
Hornbostel-Sachs = 321.322
Generic Name = Violoa
The music was used by African slaves brought to Brazil by Portuguese settlers.
Samba Originates from Brazil
but its’ roots are in Africa (Angola).
1."The Instruments of Samba." Brazil Productions. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2012. <http://www.brazilproductions.com/html/instrument.html>.
"Hornbostel–Sachs." Wikipedia. Wikipedia, Oct. 2011. Web. 10 Dec. 2012.
2.McCann, Bryan. Hello, Hello Brazil: Popular Music in the Making of Modern Brazil. Durham: Duke UP, 2004. Print.
3.McGowan, Chris, and Ricardo Pessanha. The Brazilian Sound: Samba, Bossa Nova, and the Popular Music of Brazil. Philadelphia: Temple UP, 2009. Print.
4.Murphy, John P. Music in Brazil: Experiencing Music, Expressing Culture. New York: Oxford UP, 2006. Print.