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YAY!

GOAL!

YAY!

Covalent Bonds

  • a bond formed when 2 atoms SHARE electrons
  • usually forms between nonmetal atoms

  • molecule= a neutral group of atoms joined by a covalent bond

Ions

  • Ion= an atom with an electric charge

  • when a neutral atom loses a valence

electron (it loses a - charge), therefore it

becomes a positive ion

  • most metals

  • when a neutral atom gains an electron

(it gains a - charge), therefore it becomes a negative ion

  • most nonmetals

  • Ionic Bond= the attraction between two oppositely charged ions
  • usually form when metal combines with a nonmetal

Metalloids

  • located along the zigzag line in the periodic table
  • located between the metals and nonmetals
  • reacts by losing OR sharing electrons

Nonmetals

  • react by gaining or sharing electrons (to reach 8)
  • Group 17 = Halogens
  • react easily with other elements! WHY?

Bonding

Metals

  • Metals react by losing their valence electrons
  • reactivity depends on how easily atoms lose valence electrons
  • reactivity decreases from left --> right
  • Alkali metals are the most reactive in its period
  • WHY?
  • these guys are so reactive that most explode when added to water!

  • Hydrogen is NOT a metal though it located in Group 1
  • H shares its electron

8 is the lucky number...

  • atoms tend to be more stable when they have 8 valence electrons
  • Examples: Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe
  • these elements are nonreactive
  • He is happy with just 2 electrons.......WHY?
  • Atoms bond so that they have 8 valence electrons
  • electrons can be transferred from one atom to another OR shared
  • Chemical Bond= the force of attraction that holds atoms together as a result of the rearrangement of electrons between them

Practice

How to Dot...

Electron Dot Diagram

  • 1st: locate the element on the periodic table
  • 2nd: what is it's symbol?
  • 3rd: determine how many valence electrons it has (remember the connection between the groups)
  • 4th: write the element's symbol
  • 5th: with a pencil draw a cross (+) through the symbol
  • 6th: put dots on 1 side of each line going around the symbol
  • 7th: keep placing dots until you've used all the electrons
  • Lets practice together!

Electron

Dot Diagrams

  • aka= Lewis Dot Diagram
  • written with the element's symbol in the middle and (up to 8) dots around it
  • different elements can have anywhere from 1 to 8 valence electrons
  • each dot stands for 1 valence electron
  • How many valence electrons does group 1 have?

-group 2? -group 13?

-group 15? -group 16?

-group 18? -group 17?

-group 14?

Lets bond!

  • atoms combine to form compounds using their electrons
  • electrons can be found at different energy levels depending on the element
  • electrons at higher energy levels have higher amounts of energy
  • valence electrons: these are the electrons that have the highest energy level
  • these are the ones involved in chemical bonding
  • valence electrons help determine the chem. properties of the element
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