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Culminating Review

Earth/Environmental Science

Patrick Polomchak

Table of Contents

Metrics

Graphing

Scientific Method

Step 1: Ask a Question

Bar Graph

Number of People

-What do you want to know?

Step 2: Form a Hypothesis

-What do you think will happen?

Kilo- 1000

Hecto- 100

Deka- 10

Base (meter, liter, gram)- 1

deci- 0.1

centi- 0.01

milli- 0.001

Type of Object

Step 3: Conduct an Experiment

-Test your hypothesis

Step 4: Analyze the Results

Line Graph

Measurement

-Make a chart and compare the results

Step 5: Conclude

-Was your hypothesis correct? How can you expand on this experiment?

Time

Layers of the Earth

Plate Tectonics

Rock Cycle

Inner Core-Solid

Convergent Boundaries

Igneous-

Outer Core- Liquid

-Plates push into each other

Melting and Cooling

Mantle

Divergent Boundaries

Sedimentary-

Asthenosphere- Lower Mantle, Molten Liquid

Lithosphere- Upper Mantle and Crust, Mostly Solid

-Plates pull away from each other

Weathering and Erosion

Metamorphic-

Transform Boundaries

Heat and Pressure

-Plates scrape past each other

Fronts

Extreme Storms

Layers of the Atmosphere

Hurricanes- Form over water, when warm air rises and leaves a low pressure are behind, which combines with high pressure winds

Cold Front- Cold air mass moves under warm mass

Warm Front- Warm air mass moves over cold mass

Stationary Front- Neither air mass moves

Occluded Front- Cold air mass stays under warm mass, keeping it separated from the ground and other air

Thermosphere- Outermost Layer, Satellites

Mesosphere- 2nd Outermost Layer, Coldest Layer

Stratosphere- 2nd Innermost Layer, Contains Ozone Layer

Troposphere- Innermost Layer, Weather Occurrs Here

Tornadoes- Form when a warm, moist airmass meets a cold, dry airmass and circulate, causing intense winds in a funnel shape

Tornado

Hurricane

Scientific Inquiry

Geosphere

Atmosphere

Hydrosphere

Biosphere

Astronomy

Carbon Footprint

River Stages

Water Cycle

Layers of the Ocean

Youthful- straight and fast-moving

Mature- slower, some meandering

Old Age- slowest, very meandering

Intertidal- top layer, much light

Neritic- 2nd layer, some light

Bathyal- 3rd layer, not much light

Abyssal- 4th layer, almost no light

Hadal- bottom layer, no light at all

Evaporation- water turns into vapor

Condensation- vapor cools and turns into liquid

Precipitation- water falls from clouds

Infiltration- water seeps into the ground

Surface Runoff- water runs into rivers and lakes

Different Biomes

Predation

Human Population Growth

Polar Biome- cold and dry

As technology has gotten more advanced, humans have been able to survive and have more and more children in the last few centuries.

Using photosynthesis, the plant absorbes the sun's energy to make food. The rabit, a consumer, eats the plant, and in turn gets eaten by the owl. finally, when the owl dies, the fungus decomposes its body.

Desert- usually hot and always dry

Tropical Forest- warm and moist

Sun

Movement of Earth

Kepler's 3 Laws of Planetary Motion

Rotation- spins around its axis

Revolution- travels around the sun

Precession- axis changes its direction

Nutation- axis sways

Barycenter- balance of gravity

Law 1: Earth travels in an ellipse

Law 2: The closer a planet is to the sun, the faster is will move

Law 3: The father a planet is from the sun, the slower it will move

Core- solid metal

Radiation Zone- heat energy leaves into space

Convection Zone- where heat is generated

Photosphere- outer layer/atmosphere

Ecological footprint- a measure of human demand on Earth's ecosystems

My Ecological Footprint- 927 kgs of CO2 per year

This is actually very good compared to others, as the average adult's carbon footprint is 14000 kgs per year.

How does this relate to global warming?- the more CO2 is released into the atmosphere, the faster global warming will occur

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