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The Early Mesopotamia

Rosalie Burich

P.2

Due 11/25/13

Pheonicians

Social Hierarchy

The pheonicians were a group of people who invented the modern day alphabet. They live in present day Libenan on the Miditerranean Sea and was the "Hub" of the trade route in ancient times. The purple dye they made was so expensive because it took 10,000 mollusks to create 1 gram of dye.

The social hierarchy was the groups of different people. The top was the patricians, the middle was the plebians, and the bottom was the slaves. This was shaped like a triangle because the top is higher then the bottom, like the different classes are.

Code of Hammurabi

The code of Hammurabi was a set of 282 laws that applied to everyone. This was invented in the Babylonian Empire by king Hammurabi.These laws applied to trade, loans, theft, marraige, injury, and murdure.

Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia, known as the fertile crescent or "land between two rivers", is the first civilization, which the mesopotamians named. Since this area is between two rivers (which occasionally floods), leaving behind silt (a mixture of rich soil and tiny rocks that is left behind when flooding occurs), which also helps grass grow.

Chariot

A chariot is a horse drawn vehicle with wheels that is used in battle.

The Fertile Crescent

Division of Labor

Ziggurat

Math and Science

A ziggurat is a pyramid shaped temple tower located above each city. The dominators lived in them, which is why they were so high above the ground.

City-States

Hanging Gardens of Babylon

Mesopotamians contributed to math and science. They invented a system based on 60 minutes and 360 days. They used a tool called a sun dial for measuring time. Also, they calculated triangles and rectangles. For science, they wrote long list of animals, minerals plants, etc.

The hanging gardens of Babylon were created by Nebuchadnezzar II and were known as "one of the seven wonders of the world." They were gardens stacked on top of each other. Some called this, "house of the platform between heaven and earth."

The fertile crescent is a large area located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. This area has lots of fertile farm land, which is also known as Mesopotamia.

Division of labor is a type of arrangement in which each worker specializes in a particular task or job.

Leaders

During the time of Mesopotamia, there became an area called a city-state. A city-state is a mixture of cities and states.This society was created when there were first just countrysides and cities. The cities became more populated, then leading to both cities growing together, forming the city-state.

Inventions

Polytheism + Monotheism

polytheism-believe in many gods

Siege Warfare:

Akkadians

Assyrians

Babylonians

monotheism-believe in single god

Plow:

The plow was invented by

Sumerians, which was used

for farming. It was a horse

drawn cart with two wheels.

Siege warfare was invented by the Assyrians and was used to knock down doors. This was a method of attacking something over and over again until it falls.

Empire

Sun Dial:

An empire is 1 ruler over many city states. It is different from a city-state because a city-state has many leaders, while an empire has 1 leader.

Aqueducts:

The sun dial was an invention by Sumerians, which is a clock that uses falling water to tell time.

Aqueducts were an invention by the Assyrians, which was a pipe that brought water to distant places.

People ruled the Assyrians. The ruled in 750 BCE-900 BCE,used siege engine and warfare, lasted 300 years, and invented a library.

Hanging Gardens of Babylon:

Wheel:

Leader was Hammurabi. He invented the Hammurabi's code, ruled in 1800 BC, ruled for 42 years, and was the cities greatet monarch.

Leader was Sargon. Had strong and powerful army. Conqoured all Mesopotamia and was the worlds 1st empire.

The gardens were invented by Nebuchadnezzar for his wife, who missed the hills. This was a stack of gardens.

The wheel was a creation made from sumerians, which was used to spin things. It is a three dimensional wooden circle.

Ancient Irrigation Systems

Cuneiform

Cuneiform was the world's first writing system. Sumerians wrote symbols on clay tablets with a wooden writing tool called a stylus.

Babylonian II Chaldeans Neo-Babylonians

The ancient irrigation systems began in Mesopotamia. This is a form of transporting water from one way to another. It is important to keep the water passages clean because leaving dirt or anything that could block the passages could cut off the water supply for the place it is leading to, forming blockage, flooding the land.

Some different types of devices are: canals-human made waterway; rivers-streams of water; levee- prop used to prevent flooding in the land;damn-watering hole.

Scribe

One of the jobs a Sumerian could have was being a scribe, or writer. Some jobs scribes did was writing down information for the king, writing down the past, etc.

Leader was Nebuchadnezzar II. Ruled in 600 BCE, enslaved Hebrews,invented astronomy, 60 minute, and the sun dial. This lasted 75 years, which was conqoured by the Persians and Cyrus the Great. This area is present day Isreal.

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