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Signs and Symptoms of Pain
Factors Affecting Pain
Past Experience:
-old pain affects client's pain now
-expecting pain can help or hurt how the client handles pain
-clients who never have pain before, will be scared because they never face it
Culture:
-some cultures clients
-other cultures clients show strong pain with verbal reaction
Anxiety:
-pain and anxiety are related
-less anxiety = less pain
ie. if man is going through surgery:
-nurse should tell him he will have pain BUT he will be given medicine.
-now he knows what to expect, so less nervous, therefore less pain.
Support from others:
-pain easier with family/friends
-people=comfort
-loneliness increases anxiety/fear/suffering
-be sensitive to lonely clients
Rest and sleep:
-restore energy and help body repair itself
-ill/injured clients need more sleep
-pain feels worse with less sleep
Meaning of Pain:
-diffeent meaning to different ppl
-some ppl think it is weakness/disease
-some ignore/deny pain
-use pain to avoid people
-use pain to get attention
Attention:
-more attention to pain, more pain.
-less distraction from pain, more pain.
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Important to make client feel safe and comfortable in environment.
Examples:
-To have pain means:
-ache
-hurt
-be sore
-Discomfort and pain are subjective
-Cannot see/touch/smell/hear client's pain
-Read client's body language
-Report complaints/observations to supervisor
-Pain is emotional, social and spiritual-not only physical
1.Old man moves into LONG TERM CARE
-PSW helps put his items he brought with him
-Introduce to other staff and clients
Age:
-Children:
-don't understand pain
-don't know what to expect
-caregivers don't know when child is in pain
-use Wong-Baker Pain Rating Scale-use face expresion-make child point at smiley face or sad face.
-Older Adults:
-may confuse new pain to be caused by old health problem
-regular pain may hide new pain
-deny/ignore pain
-pain cannot be identified because of condition (dementia-marathi viyathi)
-unable to recognize pain
-increases risk for undetected injury
-have disease that affects thinking
-therefore PSW must notice behaviour change to report
2.Hospital patient after car accident
-PSW explains what will happen before and after surgery to make him feel better
3.Lady is disabled.
-PSW bathe and dress her. Make her feel clean so she feels comfortable
Types of Pain:
Persistent pain:
*Any pain that's MORE THAN six months.
*It can be daily pain or on and off.
1. Acute Pain:
*Any pain lasting less than SIX MONTHS.
*IMMEDIATE PAIN because of :
-injury (adi)
-disease (varutham)
-trauma (adirchi)
Phantom limb pain:
*EXAMPLE: if leg is cut off-the human mind thinks THERE IS STILL PAIN THERE.
*But not 'REAL' because there is no leg.
*"Pain in a body part that is no longer there."
II. Persistent Pain:
-lasts longer than 6 months
-constant pain OR off and on
-arthiritis/cancer = common causes of persistent pain
I. Acute Pain:
-felt suddenly from injury, disease, trauma or surgery
-when tissue is damaged
-usually less than 6 months
-decreases w/ healing
3. Discharge:
*Officially leaving from HOSPITAL or Health
2. Admission:
*Official-legal entrance of CLIENT into HOSPITAL or Health FACILITY
4. Insomnia: Person CANNOT SLEEP or cannot STAY asleep all night
5. Nocturia:
*needing to URINATE @ NIGHT
IV. Referred Pain:
-pain felt in body separate from source
-ie. kidney stone creates pain in groin
III. Radiating Pain:
-not just at site of tissue damage, but also nearby
-ie. heart attack:
felt in left side of chest, left jaw, shoulder, and arm
diseased gall bladder:
pain in upper abdomen, back and right shoulder
I. ODOURS
-Don't use perfume/scented.
-Smoker PSW wash ahnds and brush teeth.
-Wear clean uniform.
-Clear bedpans.
-Change soiled dirty linen/clothes.
-Clean clients who are wet.
-Throw away of incontinence/ostomy products.
-Keep laundry closed.
IV. Ventilation
-keep room ventilated w/ fresh air
-Open window/turn on fan
-NO DRAFT.
II. Temperature
most people like 20 C-23 C.
Sick ppl, old ppl, babies like warmer.
If eectricity too high, give blanket/sweater.
V. Noise
-Clients sensitive to noise
-Answer phone right away
-Use cleaning equip quietly
-Explain strange noise in new
facility so patient isn't scared
V. Phantom Limb Pain:
-felt in body part that is not there
-caused by disruption in nerve endings
-ie. leg amputation and still has leg pain
III. Lighting
-Shadow, glare, dull light all cause :
-FALLS, HEADACHE, EYE STRAIN
-Dim light good for rest
-Bright light good for giving care and feeling happy
-Ask client what they like
Room Furniture
Closet/Drawer
e. Chairs
-One or two chairs in care facilities in client rooms.
-Client often has a favourite chair at home
-PSW must keep clean
Medical Equipment
Most hosp have BP equip by wall.
f. Privacy curtains/screen
-Standard in LC and hosp.
-Keep others from seeing client
-At home, portable screen can be used.