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Roman Sculpture was created to be realistic rather than idealistic.

This meant that Roman sculptors had more freedoms to sculpt human emotions than did the sculptors of ancient Greece.

The Romans created the Roman Arch with the invention of the keystone.

The Roman Arch helped the Romans to make bigger bridges and as a result, aqueducts.

The Romans were the first to figure out how to run water into the towns because of these aqueducts.

Since they could now run water into the towns, they created Roman Baths. The Baths were shared publicly and were a place for people to gather.

To compare the Roman Baths to something we are familiar with today, think of a fancy shopping mall with a swimming pool in the middle. The Bath water was a large pool surrounded by many shops, restaurants, libraries, and sometimes even a gym.

When the Baths were first built, they had lots of design detail and were built with only the best building materials available. Typically these baths included lots of marble--one of the Romans' favorite materials.

Like the Greeks the Romans enjoyed their entertainment. To accommodate crowds of 45,000-55,000 they built the Colosseum.

(The official capacity of Rupp Arena is 23,500.)

Because of the aqueducts, they were able to fill the bottom of the Colosseum floor with water to have mock naval battles.

Just like Rupp Arena, the Romans changed the floor of the Colosseum to suit the needs of the event.

Some of the most common events held in the Colosseum were:

• Mock naval battles

• Gladiators fought against each other and against large animals

• Christians were persecuted (Christianity was not popular yet.)

Like with the sculpture, the Romans also copied the architecture of the Greeks. One of the most famous Roman temples is the Pantheon.

(The Greek one was called the Parthenon.)

“pan”=many

“the”=religion (in this case gods)

One of the main differences in the Pantheon and the Parthenon is that the main part of the Pantheon has a dome roof. The Romans were the first to be able to build the dome because of their invention of the Roman Arch.

(A dome is just a series of arches rotated around a center point.)

The hole in the top of the dome of the Pantheon is called the oculus and allowed light to come into the temple and spotlight different artworks and sculptures of the many gods throughout the day.

Interesting Fact: Notice the capitals of the columns on the Colosseum. The bottom level capitals are Doric, the second level are Ionic, and the third level capitals are Corinthian.

Try building a dome out of arches.

Characteristics of Ancient Roman Art & Culture

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