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Transcript

By Sarin Sajan Itty

Why are faulty causalities not to be used?

Examples

of Faulty

Causality---

When is it used?

VIDEO EXAMPLES:

Christians believe in God. Muslims believe in God. Therefore, Muslims are Christians.

  • Used more commonly in nonfiction argumentative writings
  • Most likely will show up on the AP exam in the synthesis part.
  • It should be avoided because it weakens arguments - DO NOT use it in your own writing.
  • Use evidence instead of hypothetical claims.
  • When identified - shows poor argument in persuasion

Formal Exam Part 1:

"School violence has gone up and academic performance has gone down ever since organized prayer was banned at public schools. Prayer should be reintroduced, resulting in school improvement.

IDENTIFY WHERE POST HOC ERGO POST HOC OCCURS IN THE VIDEO:

Students who play video games have better grades in school. Therefore, video games must have a positive effect on education.

Other names for Faulty Causality:

FORMAL EXAM Part 2

  • Faulty Reasoning
  • False Cause
  • Post hoc
  • Post hoc ergo propter hoc
  • Faulty Analogy

Activity: Identify whether each is or not a faulty causality.

What is faulty causality?

  • A common misconception when two sequential events occur.
  • The belief that the first event led to the second.
  • Mathematical relationship: 1) A occurs before B. 2) A is the cause of B.

1) Everyday, I show up just as the school bell rings, therefore my arrival at school causes the school bell to ring.

2)When a train passes the railroad crossing, an alarm sounds. The train passing causes the alarm to sound.

3)Children of argumentative parents, on average, perform poorer academically. Therefore, if you argue with your spouse, you will hurt your child's chances of going to college.

Basic illustration on what this fallacy is.

A ---> B

Thank you

ANY QUESTIONS?

Faulty Causality:

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