Introducing 

Prezi AI.

Your new presentation assistant.

Refine, enhance, and tailor your content, source relevant images, and edit visuals quicker than ever before.

Loading…
Transcript

What are small arms?

  • Small arms are generally characterised as firearms designed to be carried by an individual

  • They can be comprised of revolvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, assault rifles, sub-machine guns and light machine guns

Summary

  • What are small arms?
  • History of small arms
  • Small arms in the USA
  • Small arms in Nigeria (and developing countries)
  • What is ethnocide?
  • Role of anthropologists in these disputes
  • Accelerated history
  • Debate

History of small arms - Causes of Proliferation

Legal State Sanctioned Trade:

  • 1996 US licensed $470 Million in Small Arms Exports
  • 90% of Illegal small arms

Cold War:

  • Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan: 1979-1989
  • Operation Cyclone, 100,000 Mujaheddin Armed and Trained

Question...

Accelerated history

Small arms in the USA

Can you think of an example where accelerated history occurred (either through voluntary transitioning or through forced introduction)?

  • Historical importance is engrained through the U.S Constitution
  • "The right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed"
  • Cultural importance
  • The 'right' to own small arms
  • Small arms owned for diverse reasons
  • Protection
  • Recreation
  • With increased socialisation, accessibility to travel and internet, change has become significantly accelerated

  • "Social change occurs when individuals adopt different styles of behaviour or thinking and these innovations are absorbed into the ongoing pattern of life through negotiation" - Hopkins 1998

  • Ecological problems, expansion of ecological base, contact with outside forces, new authority structures, tourists and small arms are all factors that can highly impact the development rate of a society

  • Sudden introduction of new medical and religious practices - example of PNG

  • In specific regards to small arms, automated weaponry can drastically impact social change

Small arms in Nigeria

Impact on American Society

  • Increase in gun-related crimes

  • Negatively impacted international relations

  • Domestic conflicts between advocates and those against small arms

  • Created tensions between actors and stakeholders

  • Heightened the debate between freedom and control
  • An estimate of 8 million small arms circulating in West Africa alone.

  • Proliferation of small arms – result of bad political leadership

  • This leads to poverty, mass underemployment and economic crisis of development

  • Insecure borders lead to illicit trafficking of small arms

  • Lack of security and protection from police and government causes civilians to turn to small arms as a form of safety

Strategies to end violence from small arms in Nigeria

  • Strategies that include Governance, Security and Diplomacy.

  • Strengthening institutions to create a government that is supporting and secure for the Nigerian community. (Governance)

  • Adopting a national arms control strategy. (Security)

  • Strengthen relationships with other states to eventually secure a legally binding international system that regulates and monitors illicit trade of small arms. (Diplomacy)

Debate: The right to own small arms in America

Small Arms and Ethnocide

  • Bartolomé Clavero: 'Ethnocide kills social cultures through the killing of individual souls'

  • Hamatic Theory: European Theory, Tutsi were more European therefore afforded more power

  • 20th Century- Imposition of Tutsi Quotas in the Workforce by President Grégoire Kayibanda

  • Approximately 1,000,000 killed in Genocide

  • $12 Million of weapons Imports from France, 3 Million rounds of small arms ammunition from Egypt

  • Robin Fox- Proliferation of Small Arms = Change in Mentality

  • Role of Anthropologists?

Debate: The right to own small arms in America

Discuss the benefits versus the consequences of having the right to own small arms in America

Bibliography

http://image.slidesharecdn.com/d215s1frankboatengghana-141203055150-conversion-gate02/95/frank-boateng-asomani-national-commission-on-small-arms-light-weapons-ghana-3-638.jpg?cb=1420446249

http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/history/small-arms.html

Is change understandable? - http://www.jstor.org.proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/stable/pdf/10.1086/204799.pdf?acceptTC=true

The Appropriation of Christianity in the Vula'a Villages of Papua New Guinea - http://www.tandfonline.com.proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/doi/abs/10.1080/14442213.2010.537368

https://playnamz78.files.wordpress.com/2015/10/o-american-flag-gun-facebook.jpg

The New Field of Micro Disarmament- http://www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital-Library/Publications/Detail/?lang=en&id=16701

Effects of Small arms Misuse- The HFG Review, Small Arms and Light Weapons, a Call for Research- http://www.hfg.org/hfg_review/5/hfgsmallarms.pdf

Bartolomé Clavero (2008). Genocide Or Ethnocide, 1933-2007: How to Make, Unmake, and Remake Law with Words.

A Closer Look at Where Rwanda's Lethal Weapons Came From- http://www.huffingtonpost.com/tim-gallimore/a-closer-look-at-where-rw_b_5135559.html

Afghanistan: The Soviet Invasion in Retrospect- http://dgibbs.faculty.arizona.edu/sites/dgibbs.faculty.arizona.edu/files/afghan-ip.pdf

History of Tutsi-Hutu Relations- https://modernhistoryproject2012.wordpress.com/history-of-hutu-tutsi-relations/Aa

The Humanitarian Impacts of Small Arms and Light Weapons and the Threat to Security

The Global Threat of Small Arms and Light Weapons- http://fas.org/asmp/campaigns/smallarms/primer.html

The Nigerian State and the Proliferation Small Arm and Light Weapons in the

Northern Part of Nigeria - Journal of education and social research. MCSER publishing Vol. 4. No. 1. January 2014.

The impact of small arms on health in Nigeria - Medicine, conflict and survival. http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/fmcs20

Small Arms and Light Weapons Proliferation and Human Security in Nigeria - by Freedom C. Onuoha, The African Center for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes. <www.accord.org.za>

The Proliferation of Small Arms and its Human Consequences

By Michaela Magann, Alison Jones, Mikayla Green and Nicholas Aplin

Learn more about creating dynamic, engaging presentations with Prezi