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How are comas caused?

Bibliography

"Coma: Learn About Causes, Symptoms and Treatment." EMedicineHealth. N.p., 1 Oct. 2015. Web. 03 Dec. 2015. <http://www.emedicinehealth.com/coma/article_em.htm#coma_overview>

"NINDS Coma Information Page." Coma Information Page: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). NINDS, 11 Sept. 2015. Web. 03 Dec. 2015. <http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/coma/coma.htm>.

"What Is a Coma?" KidsHealth. Ed. Rupal Christine Gupta. The Nemours Foundation, 01 Aug. 2014. Web. 03 Dec. 2015. <http://kidshealth.org/kid/talk/qa/coma.html>.

"Coma." - Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic Staff, 15 Aug. 2015. Web. 03 Dec. 2015. <http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coma/basics/definition/con-20028567>.

"Coma: Types, Causes, Treatments, Prognosis." WebMD. WebMD, 2005. Web. 03 Dec. 2015. <http://www.webmd.com/brain/coma-types-causes-treatments-prognosis>.

what is a coma?

Poison

  • External poisons are those that are ingested or inhaled
  • Internal poisons are by-products of the body's normal metabolismthat for some reason cannot be excreted properly

Lack of Oxygenn to the Brain

  • heart arrhythmias
  • Lung disease, including pneumonia,emphysema, or asthma.
  • Anemia (low red blood cell count)
  • toxins

Swelling to the Brain

  • infection
  • chemical inbalances
  • traumatic injuries
  • problems with the cerobrospinal

A coma is a prolonged state of unconsciousness. When a person is in a coma, they are unresponsive to their environment. The person is alive, and acts as if he or she is sleeping. However, they can not be shaken awake or awakened by any kind of simulation.

Treatments

Types of comas

Treatment for a coma depends on the cause. People close to the comatose patient should give doctors as much information as possible to help the doctors determine the cause of coma. Prompt medical attention is vital to treat potentially reversible conditions. For example, if there is an infection that's affecting the brain, antibiotics may be needed. Glucose may be required in the event of a diabetic shock. Surgery may also be necessary to relieve the pressure on the brain due to swelling or to remove a tumor. Certain drugs may also help relieve the swelling. Medication may also be given to stop seizures if necessary. In general, treatment for a coma is supportive. People in comas are looked after in an intensive care unit and may often require full life support until their situation improves.

  • Toxic-metabolic encephalopathy: This is an acute condition of brain dysfunction with symptoms of confusion and/or delirium. The condition is usually reversible. The causes of toxic-metabolic encephalopathy are varied. They include systemic illness, infection, organ failure, and other conditions.
  • Anoxic brain injury: This is a brain condition caused by total lack of oxygen to the brain. Lack of oxygen for a few minutes causes cell death to brain tissues. Anoxic brain injury may result from heart attack (cardiac arrest), head injury or trauma, drowning, drug overdose, or poisoning.
  • Persistent vegetative state: This is a state of severe unconsciousness. The person is unaware of his or her surroundings and incapable of voluntary movement. With a persistent vegetative state, someone may progress to wakefulness but with no higher brain function. With persistent vegetative state, there is breathing, circulation, and sleep-wake cycles.
  • Locked-in syndrome: This is a rare neurological condition. The person is totally paralyzed except for the eye muscles, but remains awake and alert and with a normal mind.
  • Brain death: This is an irreversible cessation of all brain function. Brain death may result from any lasting or widespread injury to the brain.
  • Medically induced: This type of temporary coma, or deep state of unconsciousness, is used to protect the brain from swelling after an injury. The patient receives a controlled dose of an anesthetic, which causes lack of feeling or awareness. Doctors then closely watch the person’s vitals. This happens only in hospital intensive care units.

Comas

By: Ethan Yanke, Rilynn Eckstrom, and Parker Spees

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