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ziggurats: tall pyramid temples believed to link heaven and Earth.
Mesopotamia included several city-states: Uruk, Ur, Sumer, Babylon and Babylonia.
Mesopotamia later ruled under a monarchy (ruled by kings --same family)
Earliest known written law: the Code of Hammurabi-- to ensure justice and protect the weak.
Some of these laws included:
The people who lived in Sumer were known as the Sumerians developed the earliest writing system called Cuneiform which could only be read by the privileged or the elite in society.
Cuneiform -- a form of writing on clay tablets
The people living in Mesopotamia were polytheistic-- believing in many different gods.
The Sumerians invented the wheel and the sailboat. They were also the first to irrigate fields for water.
They also used Bronze to make tools by melting tin and copper together.
They also devised the calendar--dividing the year into 12 months.
The climate was hot and dry, but the soil was fertile.
Irrigation caused farming to flourish ! Since fewer people needed to farm, more jobs were created to help out society. These jobs included: potters, weavers, warriors or priests.
The first civilization of people settled near the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. This area is now present day Iraq.