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Earth has many periods in its history, and we can learn allot form each one of them.
For our purposes, we will focus on 11 of these periods, all the way up to present day.
Along tith these 11 periods, we will go over the mass extinction events too.
The Cambrian period lasted from 542 to 488 MYA.
The Cambrian period marked a turning point in earths history. Before, life on earth had been small and simple. During the Cambrian period was when life took some revolutionary jumps.
Sea levels were rising steadily, temperatures stayed at about 20°C, about 7°C below where we are today.
The rising sea levels could be attributed to melting glaciers, causing most of the land to be flooded with warm shallow water.
Earth had very low oxygen levels at this point, they were so low, it would be impossible for humans to survive.
Most of the animals that lived during this period were sea-dwellers, and were acctualy more like buggs. One of the most common creatures of the Cambrian era was a Trilobite. A small creature that scavanged the sea floor for food. Another was Anamalocaris. Another sea creature who was belived to be the earth's first preditor.
The Ordovician Period lasted from 488-443 MYA.
Possible nicknames: Ordo the Obvious, the Drama Queen
Due to the distinct diversity and mass extinction of animals right after this period.
The Ordovician Period saw the highest sea levels of its era. Sea levels rose continualy throughout the beginning of the period, then leveled off towards the middle.
At the beginning of the period, the climate was very hot due to the higher levels of CO2, giving the planet a sort of greenhouse effect.
Ocean tempreatures continued to be very warm but eventualy cooled off toward the end of the period, eventualy reaching the tempreature of the oceans arround the earth's equater today.
Diversity between animals occured mostly during the Ordovician period. But the animals remained much the same.
Animals did develop certain adaptations in this period to survive, such as better eyes, teeth or limbs.
The Ordovician - Silurian extinction was the second largest extinction event out of five tha happend throuhout history.
It was also the second largest extinction of marine life second only to the Permian extinction.
More than 60% of marine life died or became extinct.
The immediate cause of the extinction appears to be the movement of Gondwana to the south polar region.
Some scientists have suggested that the cause of the extinction was the explosion of a star that went Super Nova. The explosion caused a Gamma-Ray burst to hit earth with tons of force. The force of this impact would literaly almost blast our atmosphire apart.
Another theory is that the rapid release of CO2 from increased volcanic activity caused a rapid ice age to occur.
The Silurian period enjoyed comfortably warm tempratures. A happy medium between the chilly tempratures of the Ordovician and the extream heat of the future Devonian.
During this period, earth entered an enjoyable "greenhouse" period. Warm, shallow seas coverd much of the land.
The Silurian period saw many developments in fish. The first boney, scaly fish appeared, there was also the development of movable jaws and different sorts of gills.
The largest preditor of the time was Eurypterids, or giant sea scorpians.
The first seed-bearing plants spread across dry land. Since large animals had not yet appeared, they formed large forests which covered the continents.
In the oceans, sharks became more numerous than in the Silurian. Trilobites, as well as great coral reefs were still common.
Sea levels in the Devonian were generally high.
The great diversity of fish around at the time, have led to the Devonian being given the name "The Age of Fish" in popular culture.
The extinction seems to have only affected marine life.
The Carboniferous lasted from 359-299 MYA.
The Carvoniferous period had a variety of animals, including giant insects, sharks and plants like seed ferns.
At the start of the Permian, the Earth was still at the grip of an Ice Age from the Carboniferous. Glaciers receded around the mid-Permian period as the climate gradually warmed. In the late Permian period, the temperature cycled between warm and cool.
69% of marine species and 70% of land animals went extinct.
Many large amphibians became extinct.
THe Climate was hot and dry, there was no evidance of glaciations.
During this period, many of the most famous dinosaurs lived. Such as T-Rex, Triceratops, and Velociraptor.
The Cretaceous period lasted from 145-65 MYA.
The Cretaceous period was a reletivly warm climate, with high sea levels.
The Jurassic period lasted from 200-145 MYA.
Pangea broke into 2 pices.
Vertebrae fish adn reptiles lived in the area.
Reptiles were the dominant animals.
20% of marine families became extinct.
Pangea broke apart.
Massive volcanic activity caused global warming to happen.
The Triassic period was from 251-200 MYA.
The climate was hot and dry, polar gegions were acctually the most warm.
Despite the number of animals extinct after the Permian-Triassic extinction, many animals still survived.
Known as the "Great Dying"
It took 30 million years to replenish the amout of animals that existed before.
80% of all insects also became extinct.
Many of the fish during this period were the same, illustrating the fact that many went extint during the Extinction events.
The earlier phase of the extinction was due to enviromental change, the latter due to a catastrophic event.
Some theorys support increased volcanic activity. Others due to shift in ocean cirrculation.
The Permian period lasted from 299-251 MYA.
The early Permian was dominated by the Plycosaruis and Amphibians.
This period also had the first Herbivores and Carnivors.
The Earth was dominated by the super-continent Pangea.
EXTINCTION!!!
The early part of the Carboniferous was mostly warm; in the later part of the Carboniferous, the climate cooled.
Glaciations in Gondwana, triggered by Gondwana's southward movement, contributed to some rising sea levels and a warm climate.
Overall, 19% of all families and 50% of all genera went extinct.
The causes of the extinction is unclear.
There were also higher oxygen levels and many swamps.
Some theorys are changes in sea level, increased volcanic activity, and impact from an astirod or other space object.
The Devonian Period lasted 416-359 MYA.
The Silurian period lasted 443-416 MYA.
Sea levels rose throughout the first part of the period, then went down for the remainder of it.
The Devonian was a relatively warm period, and most likley did not have any glaciers.
The Silurian period entered a reletivly stable state regarding temperatures. Ending for a while the erratic climate changes before it.