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The alternatives must be kept as short as posible
Phoneme discrimination
Short and straightforward
Preferably unique and obvious
Where a short answer question with a unique answer in not possible
It may not be a particularly authentic listening activity but it can be useful as a testing technique
"rough & ready" measure of listen ability
it can be used diagnostically to student´s ability to cope with particular difficulties
Setting the task
Extended listening
Single Speaker
Acoustic & Equipment
" There is no reason to deduct points for errors of grammar or spelling, provided that it is clear that the correct anwser was intended. "
Test specifications in mind
As natural as possible
To listen and note down what it is that candidates should be able to get from the passage
Avoid passages originally intended for reading
Poor recordings reduce the validity of the test
To write items that check whether or not they have got what they should be able to get.
Authentic Speech
Items sufficiently far apart in the passage
Care should be taken to ensure that it fits with the specifications in terms of speed of delivery, style, lengths ...
Key words in the item and in the passsage
"fair warning"
20 seconds
10 minutes
to give a set of directions
Time at the outset to familiarise themselves with the items
academic lecture
Candidates take notes during the talk
It makes minimal demands on productive skills
They see the items to which they have to respond
Activities
The labelling of diagrams or pictures
Completing forms
Marking diary entries
To use a passage from which notes can be taken succesfully
(first attempted by test writters)
Showing routes on a map
It is better to have items rather than to score the notes
greetings and introductions
agreement
expressions of
disagreement
description
exposition
argumentation
TEXT FORMS
requests for clarifications
instruction
narration
speaker´s purpose
listener indicates understanding
misunderstanding
may be expressed in
LENGTH
seconds and minutes
as words per minute
wpm
INTERACTIONAL
CONTENT
TEXTS
SPEED OF SPEECH
May be
expressed
This is an example of syllabus per second in a rap song
syllabes per second
sps
understanding
Radio monologues
Conversations
indications of
uncertainty
Reported average speeds
for samples of British are:
requests for
Lectures to
non-native speakers
Interviews
clarification
opinion
standard
varities
DIALECTS
May include
and
understand
corrections and modifications on statements by the speaker
non-standard
Regional
These is the Spain which are divided in different regions and in each region the people speak in a different accent.
ACCENT
May be
attempts to persuade others
Non-regional
This is the Spanish accent which is non-regional
requests for information
expressions of need
requets for help
Luis Marrero
Mario Robles
requests for permission
obtain the gist
apologies
global
follow an argument
objectives
recognize the attitude of the speaker
may be classified in
OPERATIONS
explicitly stated
INFORMATIONAL
suggestions
specific
details
comments
listening specifications
implied stated
excuses
expressions of preferences
and
understand
complaints
speculation
Specifying according to
this candidate should be able to develop the content
"Taking" the test & Analysing their items and our reactions to them
Prepared recordings
Reading a text
I´d love to help but
I´ve got to go
round to my
mother´s in
a minute.
Do you think you can give me a hand with this?