Towards the Modern Era- Poetry: Charles Baudelaire (April 9 1821- August 31 1867)
Towards the Modern Era- Literature: Fyodor Dostoyevsky (November 11, 1821- February 9, 1881)
- One of the major figures in the literary history of the world
- Huge influence on modernism
- Tells Manet that he is ''the first in the decrepitude of your art,''
- Before he was a poet he critiqued art and wrote about them
- the struggle for artists and their art
Arts
Bibliography
- Realism and perception with a deep psychological understanding of the workings of the human heart
- Specialized in the analysis of pathological states of mind that lead to insanity, murder, and suicide and in the exploration of the emotions of humiliation, self-destruction, tyrannical domination, and murderous rage.
- Influenced Gothic and romantic literature
Society & People
- African art is firmly rooted in tradition. They used it to express themselves. The identity of the individual creator is far less important than the authenticity of the object, and as a result, we know the names of very few African artists.
- We can see through music, dance, and fashion how we have taken from the African culture and expounded on it.
- Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopedia. “Mesoamerican Civilization.” Encyclopedia -- -- Britannica, Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 2015, www.britannica.com/topic/Mesoamerican-civilization.
- Binns, Clive. “Aztec, Inca, Mayan Timeline.” Sutori, 2017, www.sutori.com/story/aztec-inca-mayan-timeline--JQ2iytJDwJY2vn3Sbk4Ef8ue..
- “Mesoamerica Timeline.” Ancient History Encyclopedia, Ancient History Encyclopedia, www.ancient.eu/timeline/Mesoamerica/.
- Sub-Saharan Africa (everything south of the Sahara desert.) - The majority of sub--Saharan Africa is Christian.
- During slavery, Africans were stripped from their religious beliefs. They forcefully adopted Christian beliefs because of their slave owners.
- The languages of African people are related to 4/5 basic tongues. Some common practices of African people include ancestor worship, lip stretching and deification of rulers.
Towards the Modern Era- Art:
Edouard Manet
- 1st 19th century artist to paint modern life
- Apart of the transition from realism to impressionalism
- Used alla prima painting method
- Most shocking and well known painting is Le Dejeuner
Bibliography
Mayans & Aztecs
- Aztecs
- The city in which these people lived was most likely an island and the capital was called Tenochtitlan
- The Aztecs were very friendly people, so much so that once the Spaniards arrived they were treated with respect and met with hospitality
- Despite the hospitality in 1521 is when Hernan Cortes captured their ruler and took over their land
- Traditional art of the African nations. Goldwater, Robert. Traditional art of the African nations. New York: University Publishers,1961.
- Jacob Egharevba, A Short History of Benin, 3rd ed. (Ibadan, Nigeria: Ibadan University Press, 1960), iii, http://www.questia.com/read/54117211/a-short-history-of-benin.
- Steven J. Salm and Toyin Falona, Culture and Customs of Ghana (Westport,CT:Greenwood Press,2002),iii,
http://www.questia.com/read/101350359/culture-and-customs-of-ghana.
- The New York Times, The New York Times, https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/98/01/04/nnp/19303.html.
- Burton, Richard D.E. “Maturity and Decline.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 1 Nov. 2019, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Baudelaire/Maturity-and-decline.
- Mostly centered in Peru
- Contrary to the other civilizations the Incas lived in a rule barren society, not a citizen inclusive one
- This led to their defeat in 1533 by Francisco Pizarro
- This was a fight easily won by Pizzaro because of the already ongoing conflict within the Incan community at the time
Culture & Traditions
Incas
- Mesoamerica was home to 3 similar groups of people. They all have distinct differentiating qualities.
- These groups lived between 1800 and 500 years ago
- The 3 groups were the Aztecs, the Mayans, and the Incas
- All but one of these groups were said and proven to have been conquered by Spanish Conquistadors
Mayans & Aztecs
- Mayans
- The Mayan way of organizing groups of people was similar to the Ancient greeks
- Used city-states
- The Mayans used 2 calendars, one that was a solar year and the other resembling a sacred almanac
- The Mayans are the only one of the three that seemed to have disappeared and not conquered
Mesoamerica- Environment
- Mesoamerica has been home to an abundance of climate diversity that includes mountainous regions ranging from a dry tropical climate to immensely cold during certain times of the season.
- The bodies of water that surround Mesoamerica are the Gulf of Mexico and Pacific Ocean
- This region contains a major ecosystems like dry forest and flat moist forest.
Contains over:
- 17,000 species of plants
- 440 mammal species
- 1,113 birds
The People & Cultures of Africa
Ghana- Located in West Africa on the upper Niger River. Ghana grew wealthy by its exports of gold, animal hides, ivory and slaves in exchange for salt, cloth, pottery and other goods.
Benin- It developed in what is now Nigeria. It was known for its greatness and civilization. The kingdom began to flourish during the 14th and 16th centuries by trading pepper and ivory. It’s fall was caused by the deportation of all its male population by Arab and European slave traders. Without these male rulers it was not able to stand and came to an end.
Zimbabwe -Known as the greatest of the 3 ancient kingdoms of Africa. It is a known today as great Zimbabwe. Due to findings of beads as well as pottery it was concluded that Great Zimbabwe served as a base for a trading empire. The original inhabitants of Zimbabwe are understood to be ancestors of the Shona people.