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Identifying Treaty 7

Treaty 7

  • Treaty 7 was an agreement between Queen Victoria and several Blackfoot First Nations tribes.
  • Today the southern portion of Alberta is Treaty 7.
  • Treaty 7 is from Red Deer, Calgary, Lethebridge to Medicine Hat and Lake Louise.
  • Some First Nations of treaty 7- BowRiver, Siksika Nation reserve and Chief Crowfeet.
  • Treaty 7 was a peace treaty made between two nations- the tribes of the Blackfoot Confederacy.
  • The treaty was made in 1877, it became the last in a series of agreements concluded between the Government of Canada and the Indians of the North-West during the decade of the 1870's.

Identify your Chiefs involved and who represented the crown

-DAVID LAIRD, Lieutenant-Governor of

North-West Territories, and Special

Indian Commissioner.

-JAMES F. MACLEOD, Lieut.-Colonel,

Com. N.W.M.P., and Special Indian

Commissioner.

-CHAPO-MEXICO, or Crowfoot,

-Head Chief of the South

Blackfeet. MATOSE-APIW, or Old Sun,

-Head Chief of the North

Blackfeet. STAMISCOTOCAR, or Bull Head.

-Head Chief of the Sarcees. MEKASTO, or Red Crow

-Head Chief of the South Bloods NATOSE-ONISTORS, or Medicine

Calf

-SOTENAH, or Rainy Chief,

Head Chief of the North

Bloods.

What was received by the Aboriginal People?

  • Treaty 7 is one of 11 numbered treaties signed between First Nations and the Crown between 1871 and 1921.
  • The treaty established a delimited area of land for the tribes (a reserve).
  • Annual payments and/or provisions from the Queen to the Tribes (Treaty Day).
  • Promised continued hunting or trapping rights on the "tract surrendered"
  • In exchanged the tribes ceded their rights to their traditional territory

Geographical Location-historical, modern

The Treaty was signed

at the Blackfoot Crossing

of the Bow River, at the present-day

Siksika Nation reserve,

aproximately 100 km East

of Calgary.

Historical background,

Area and the People

When Treaty Seven was signed in 1877, it became the last in a series of agreements concluded between the Government of Canada and the Indians of the North-West during the decade of the 1870s. Upon its conclusion, more than twenty years would pass before another treaty was made. Treaty Seven, then, completed the task which the government had set out to accomplish after it acquired control of Rupert's Land in 1870.

From the government's perspective, the need for Treaty Seven was immediate and simple. As part of the terms of bringing British Columbia into Confederation in 1871, the Canadian government had promised to build a trans-continental railway within ten years. Such a line would have to traverse the newly-acquired western territories, through land still nominally in control of Indian tribes. Huge land concessions would need to be offered to the company building the railway and later, the existence of the line would encourage large scale immigration to the western prairies.

The First Nations People living on the land that were to become southern Albertan Natives. The First Nations were eager to sign Treaty 7 in 1877 with the British Crown because disease, reduction of bison herd sizes, and increasing encroachments on traditional lands had dramatically changed life on the plains of the northwest. In 1870, smallpox swept across the plains, devastating the populations of plains people as an earlier epidemic in 1837 had done. Thousands died, and in such a weakened state the Blackfoot, Nakoda, and Tsuu T’ina felt particularly vulnerable.

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