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First Gulf War Timeline
4
The Road Ahead
1. July 16, 1979- Saddam comes to power
As President Bakr grew older, he started to suffer increasing health problems. This allowed Saddam Hussein to become the ruler of Iraq after 11 years by slowly tightening his relationship with Bakr, coming from Bakr's right-hand man, into the president himself. Bakr was forced to step down after the involvement of bullying and threats, allowing Saddam to achieve a bloodless coup, becoming the leader of Iraq at the age of 42.
2. August 8, 1990
Kuwait is proclaimed to be annexed by Saddam Hussein (8th of August 1990)
What happened?
Iraq invaded Kuwait with no further fighting for the 5 next months ahead. During which America and her allies (France and Britain) build-up their troops. Following was UN's constant demands for Iraqi withdrawal, followed by economic sanctions, and finally setting a deadline for military action.
3. Team America
Team America, who opposed the Iraqi's and their action of invading Kuwait, consisted of America, France, and Britain. They increased their troop size in the 5 months that Saddam didn't attack after the invasion, first entering after the invasion of Kuwait, and preparing since.
(7 August 1990 - 17 January 1991)
Operation Desert Shield
4. Operation Desert Shield
7 August 1990 - 17 January 1991
Invasion of Kuwait by Iraq, which then followed with the build-up of troops in Saudi Arabia to prepare the attack (US, France, and Britain troops), which lasted for 5 months as there were no sort of attacks for 5 moths after the invasion.
Map
How did UN respond to this invasion?
UN Response
At first UN just demanded the withdrawal, however it got escalated when UN placed economic sanctions on Iraq, and afterwards, escalated even further by UN placing a deadline on the withdrawal of Iraq pending military action.
Operation Desert Storm
5. Operation Desert Storm
17 January - 23 February 1991
Air War
A collective force of planes and helicopters attacked Iraq owned military targets, both in Kuwait and Iraq. This was retaliated by the launch of a tactical ballistic missile (SCUD) on Israel, pouring gallons of oil into the Persian Gulf, and blowing up Kuwaiti oil wells. There was also a brief period where Iraq invaded Khafji in Saudi Arabia though was promptly driven out by the Coalition forces.
24-28 February 1991
Ground War
The Coalition forces invaded both Kuwait and Iraq which forced Saddam to quickly withdraw from Kuwait. 10000 Iraqi troops were killed after attempting to retreat by Coalition force, in what was known as the bombing of the "Highway of Death". The US Army had destroyed a total of 286 tanks owned by Iraq and 127 armored vehicles in the Battle of Medina Ridge. On the 28th of February, president bush announced a ceasefire along with a declaration that declared Kuwait free from Iraqi occupation.
Operation Desert Sabre
Was the ground war which occurred from 24 - 28 February 1991 where the Coalition forces were able to invade and takeover Kuwait and Iraq, leading to Saddam's withdrawal, the death of 10000 Iraqi's during escape, and the declaration of Kuwait's freedom from Iraqi occupation on the 28th of February 1991. (part of Operation Desert Storm)
6. Operation Desert Sabre
End of Gulf War
7. End of Gulf War
The Gulf war ended with humiliating defeat for Saddam in the first 100 hours of the beginning of the ground war when his troops were forced out of Kuwait. The sanctions and damage placed on Iraq caused heavy downsides such as having to live through food, water, and medical supply shortages, and reduced access to welfare service, worsened by the sanctions Iraq has to pay. The casualties were also devastating with 100000 civilian fatalities and 20000 combat fatalities.
Why did the US Maintain a Presence in Saudi Arabia
US Presence
The US enforced no fly zones, which were meant to prevent Saddam from causing any further damage against his own people in the northern and southern territories of the country, with aim to contain Saddam's excesses.
What did the UN do?
What did UN do?
With the implementation of the military presence of the US, UN was setting a stage which allowed for future intervention in Iraq unless Saddam has successfully complied with UN Security Council 687 (dismantling of his non-conventional weapons.