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Social Studies Fur Trade
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Fur Trade
Interactions
Interactions
The Fur Trade started when First Nations began to trade with the Europeans for goods. Historians believe that the early Fur Trade benefited bath parties. They agree that is became less beneficial to the First Nations because Europeans were selling the furs in Europe for money.
France
A French man trading furs with the First Nations
French
As the Fur Trade went on France began to dominate it and established connections to the First Nations such as the Ouendat. The Fur Trade was essential to France's economy and the European Hat Craze. France had middle men, partners who would take the furs where they needed to go. These partners were the Cree and Nakoda. The French would also go into the First Nation territory to trade resulting in the Metis people. A people with First Nations mothers and French fathers.
Britain
Men working at the Hudson's Bay company
British
Britain established the Hudson's Bay company which was a large competitor in the Fur Trade. They competed directly with France in the Fur Trade. Hudson's Bay Company needed middle men, partners to carry goods to the First Nations. Many First Nations emerged as middle men. The Cree and Nakoda worked for the British as well as the French.
Metis
The Metis people were at first the result of French man and native woman however later it became all of Europe. Metis woman knew how to make herbal remedies which they learned from their mothers. They were interpreters in the fur trade because they spoke the First Nations language and a European language depending on who their father was. They also acted as guides because they knew the land.
France and Britain's Differences
France was the only competitor in the Fur Trade at the beginning, however as the Fur Trade evolved Britain set up the Hudson's Bay company, a direct competitor to New France. The Hudson's Bay Company had a monopoly on Rupert's land, an area of land around the Hudson's Bay.
Rupert's land
France
The Fille du Roi
France
At the beginning New France came to dominate the Fur Trade. This permanently established New France. New France was underpopulated and so they began to take orphan girls from France (Fille du Roi) and sent them to New France to have babies with the men there. The French would go into the First Nations territory to trade goods with them and so they began to have babies. These babies were the Metis.
Britain
Britain had an advantage as soon as they set up the HBC because they were on the bay which meant instead of having to travel up the St. Lawrence River they could sail directly out of the Bay to England. The British would wait for the First Nations to come to them at their forts to trade. This changed the First Nations nomadic movement. After the French started having babies with the First Nations British men began to too.
Contributions to Canada
Contributions
The British started the Hudson's Bay Company to be an active competitor in the Fur Trade. The beaver was targeted in the Fur Trade and so the beaver became the face of the nickel, a reminder of this event. The Hat Craze caused more demand for furs and so more forts were built. Many towns have come from these forts. The French and later other Europeans traded with the First Nations in their territory and took their woman for their wives and the Metis people emerged.
Beaver Pelt Hat
New France
New France was the French colonies in the New World that played a large role in the Fur Trade. New France dominated the Fur Trade with Montreal and Quebec as main shipping centers. These forts would get the furs and then send them back home to France. They would also receive goods to trade for the furs.
Quebec
Fille du Roi
Fille du Roi
The Fille du Roi or Daughters of the King were sent to New France to marry the men there and help populate France's colonies. They were sent to New France with a dowry, money the King gave them to help the men in New France be encouraged to marry them. They had many kids and the King would give any family with 10 or more kids a pension. This boosted New France's population. Also many people in Canada can trace their ancestry back to these women.
Observations In Modern Canada
Observations in Modern Canada
Modern Day Quebec City
The French have had a lot of influence on modern day Canada. The Fille Du Roi had many babies and so today many people can trace their ancestry to the these women. Also Canada is a bilingual nation, we speak both English and French. The cities of Quebec and Montreal were once French settlements. British settlement also has an impact on modern day Canada. We speak English and The Hudson's Bay Company still exists as a department store today. Many British fur trading forts have become cities. The beaver is also on our 5 cent coin, as the beaver was the driving force of the Fur Trade.
Bibliography
New France, website, Jacques Mathieu, March 4 2015
https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/new-france
Founding of The Hudson's Bay Company, website,
http://firstpeoplesofcanada.com/fp_furtrade/fp_furtrade3.html
Hudson's Bay Company, website, Arthur J. Ray, February 9 2018
https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/hudsons-bay-company
Quebec City Ranked #1 Place In The World To Vacation, Eat, & Shop, website, Jeremy Hazen
https://www.mtlblog.com/news/quebec-city-ranked-1-place-in-the-world-to-vacation-eat-shop
Rupert's Land, website
http://www.canadiangeographic.com/atlas/glossary.aspx?id=270&alpha=R&lang=En
Full Beaver Pelt Wall Display, website
https://www.liveauctioneers.com/item/58501368_full-body-beaver-pelt-wall-display\
Metis Culture, website, Yvonne Vizina
http://digital.scaa.sk.ca/ourlegacy/exhibit_metisculture
Life of A Voyager, website,
http://www.hbcheritage.ca/classroom/virtual-museum/fur-trade-nation/life-of-a-voyageur
The Fur Trade, website,
https://www.nbbmuseum.be/en/2014/01/beverpels.htm