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Theorist Marie Clay
4
T h e B i o g r a p h y o f
Curiosity
Marie Clay
Biography
Who Was she?
An distinguished Author, Theorist, Clinical Psychologist and Researcher
Known for her global work in literacy education.
Committed to helping children who struggled to read with early intervention.
Her Reading Recovery and other works are commonly used today in Elementary classrooms.
Little known facts
The term "Emergent Literacy" came from Clay's Doctorate Thesis
Her parents separated when she was 5 years old
Father was an accountant .
Mother was a music teacher.
Marie was optimistic, questioning, compassionate
presence in our professional lives.
A friend to each child
who benefited from the gift of literacy
that her research and writing made
possible.
— Salli Forbes
Reading Recovery intervention program is implemented in five countries and in three languages,
English
Spanish
French
Early Life
Death
In the 1930's, lived mostly with her mother
Attended four primary schools.
1930
April 13, 2007
2007
Birth
January 3 , 1926
Birth/Death
1940's
Middle Life
Attended Wellington East School for Girl's
Wellington Teacher Training College
Victoria University College
University of Minnesota
University of Auckland
What did Clay believe about young readers?
Theory
What does her research tell us?
How can early intervention help the young reader?
Observation, running records and other forms of data collection capture performance in reading and writing tasks collected
over time.
"message-getting, problem-solving activity, which increases in power and flexibility the more it is practi[c]ed. "
- Clay-
Children construct their own understandings with:
- opportunities to learn
- don't shy away from complexity
- unique stores of knowledge
Children can learn
- self-correction behaviors
- confirm their reading
- letter forms and letter–sound relationships
- syntax-correct order of words
- semantic- meaning of words, or context
Curiosity
What would a classroom look like today?
I want to encourage my students
How?
Present Day
Emergent Reader's Classroom
What will my emergent classroom look like?
- Little books with simple
repeated language
- careful selection of tasks
- good judgement in shared tasks
- vary the time, difficulty, content, interest and methods of instruction
- type and amount of conversation within the standard lesson activities.
Assessment Tools
- daily running records
- daily lesson records
- writing books
- weekly records of text reading levels
- weekly records of reading and writing
- vocabulary
Careful observation and systematic recording of behaviors informs daily teaching decisions.
What tools will I be using?
How can I encourage my students?
Teacher Strategies page for encouragement.
This website has visual posters for reminders and prompts to:
- make connections from the text
- make connections to other texts
- make connections prior to knowledge and world events
https://edla369readingstrategies.weebly.com/classroom-strategies.html
Legacy
"The ULTIMATE GOAL for our teaching is to help foster in children a '[self-help system] whereby children are [independent readers] whose reading and writing improve whenever they read and write."
Marie Clay
Is this program proven
to work?
Validity/ Reliability
An Observation Survey of Early Literacy Achievement rated as a screening tool by the National Center on Intensive Intervention (NCII).
Observation Survey received highest ratings of Convincing Evidence.
All five of the NCRTI’s technical
standards: classification accuracy;
generalized reliability; validity;
and disaggregated reliability, validity, and accuracy for subgroups.
What does the reading prevention look like in the classroom?
Group Reading
Critics vs Response
Critics
Critics said the program is too expensive
1979, Marie said ....negative publicity concerning falling literacy had left the public more concerned than informed
Marie argued.."formal systems for teaching ‘letters, sounds and words’ were ‘not teaching reading’"
Reduced referrals to special
education
Doyle,Mary Anne (2013 )Marie M. Clay’s Theoretical Perspective:
A Literacy Processing Theory retrieved from https://
readingrecoverysrvusd.webs.com/Marie%20M.%20Clay'
s%20Theoretical%20Perspective.pdf
Google images (2019) https://www.google.com/url? sa=i&source=images&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwi4n761udjlAhVkU98KHdOfCLoQMwhXKAgwCA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordlearning.com%2Freading-comprehension-and-the-classroom%2F&psig=AOvVaw3POZDHWQNpWCRkmoEypq5Q&ust=1573228074956466&ictx=3&uact=3
Heinemann (2019) https://www.heinemann.com/authors/699.aspx
Images (October 2019) retrieved from
https://images.app.goo.gl/ mCe3pVkunJtXVDvR7
Lee Marie (2019) BY MY LITERACY SPOT
https://www.myliteracyspot.com/2015/08/the-reading-
strategies-book-study-goal.hl
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwi4n761udjlAhVkU98KHdOfCLoQMwhXKAgwCA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordlearning.com%2Freading-comprehension-and-the-classroom%2F&psig=AOvVaw3POZDHWQNpWCRkmoEypq5Q&ust=1573228074956466&ictx=3&uact=3
Pletcher,Bethanie retrieved fromhttps://www.youtube.com/watch
?time_continue=26&v=OUbQoijrf4o
Pletcher, B.C. Ed.D (December 14,2018) Making the Most Out of the Book
Development News https://flyingstartbooks.com/making-the-most-out-of-the-
book-introduction/
Reading Recovery(2019)https://readingrecovery.org/reading-recovery/teaching
-children/observation-survey/
Schwartz, Robert (September 30th, 2019) retrieved from
https://readingrecovery.org/the-three-cueing-systems-in-
beginning-reading-instruction-good-idea-or-hoax
Resources
sentence as a way to teach https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwjCjfvRvdjlAhUomuAKHTSVDHIQMwiEASgAMAA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinterest.com%2Fpin%2F6896205651480722%2F&psig=AOvVaw2Pjjz2CfIp5CwnNumsrPy2&ust=1573229208100324&ictx=3&uact=3