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Folate's discovery resulted from the cure to the MEGABLASTIC ANEMIA in the late 1870s and early 1880s
folate-binding proteins (FBPs) or folate receptors.
Megaloblastic anemia—the release into circulation
of red blood cells that are fewer than normal and large
and immature.
* The anemia results from abnormal DNA synthesis and failure of blood cells to divide properly, coupled with the continued formation of RNA. The quantity of RNA becomes greater than normal, leading to excess production of other cytoplasmic constituents, including hemoglobin. The result is immature, enlarged macrocytic cells often containing excessive hemoglobin.
reduced folate transporter or carrier
Folate is found as a monoglutamate.Almost two-thirds of the folate in systemic blood plasma is bound to proteins; free folate accounts for the other one-third.
* Folate-binding proteins bind folate (high affinity)
* Albumin and α-2 macroglobulin also bind folate (low affinity)
Red blood cells contain more folate than does plasma; however, red blood cell folate is attained during erythropoiesis.
(transports 5 methyl THF into cells)
main storage forms are the polyglutamate forms of THF
and 5-methyl THF.
Storage may occur in association with
intracellular folate-binding proteins
Folate requirements are estimated at 320
μg per day.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
suggest 400 μg synthetic folic acid/day for women
capable of becoming pregnant because of evidence that
folic acid supplementation during the periconceptional
period of pregnancy may reduce the incidence of neural
tube defects.