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TORNADOES
BY MAIA
WHAT ARE TORNADOES?
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Tornadoes are violently rotating columns of rapidly spinning air. Their winds may top 300mph and can clear a pathway a mile wide and 50 miles long. They are often called twisters or cyclones.
WHAT CAUSES TORNADOES TO DEVELOP ?
Twisters are born in thunderstorms and are often accompanied by a dark, greenish sky with black storm clouds and hail.
Giant, persistent thunderstorms called supercells spawn the most destructive tornadoes.
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How do twisters form?
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Tornadoes need tropical marine time and polar air. They form when cold, dry, high-pressure air blows over the nothern Great Plains and collides with warm, moist, low-pressure air coming from the south. The cold air will drop and the warm air will rise. The warm air twists into a spiral and forms a funnel cloud that we all associate with a tornado. Rising air is the first ingredient needed for a tornado to develop.
After the funnel appears, as though descending from a cloud, it hits the ground and roars forward with a sound like that of a train approaching.
Once a tornado hits the ground, it may live for as little as a few seconds or as long as three hours.
The average twister is about 660 feet wide. Most don't travel more than six miles before dying out.
WHEN, WHERE AND HOW OFTEN TORNADOES HAPPEN?
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Twisters can occur at anytime during the year, but they form most frequently in the spring and summer. May generally has more tornadoes than any other month, but April's twisters are usually more violent.
Most tornadoes occur in the late afternoon. By this time the sun has heated the ground and the atmosphere enough to produce thunderstorms.
''Tornado Alley''
Tornadoes occur at ''The Great Plains'' commonly known as ''Tornado Alley''. This region includes the area in the eastern state of South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, northern Texas, and eastern Colarado. Most tornadoes occur in Tornado Alley because cold, dry, polar air from Canada collides with moist, warm, tropical air from Mexico.
Many cyclones occur in the USA. This country experiences over 1,200 tornadoes each year.
3 of 4 tornadoes occur in the USA tornadoes cause 80 deaths and more than 1,500 injuries per year.
Most tornado victims are struck by flying debris-roofing shingles, broken glass or metal rods. In the U.S. tornadoes do about 400 million dollars in damage.
THE BIGGEST AND MOST DESTUCTIVE TORNADOES
THE BIGGEST AND MOST DESTRUCTIVE TORNADOES
The El Reno tornado was a very large EF3 tornado that occurred over rural areas of central Oklahoma during the early evening of Friday, May 31, 2013. It was the widest tornado in recorded history. It lasted 40 minutes and killed 8 people.
However, the most destructive tornado is the Tri-State Tornado. It was the deadliest tornado in U.S. history. It crossed from southeastern Missouri, through southern Illinois, then into southwestern Indiana on March 18, 1925. This tornado completely destroyed a number of towns and caused 695 deaths. It traveled for 235 miles and lasted for over 3h with winds reaching 300 mph.
Tri-State tonado
Anemometers
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Anemometers, which measure wind speed, cannot withstand the enormous force of tornadoes to record them. Using units F0 to F5, the Fujita scale measures a tornado's intensity by analyzing the damage a tornado has done and then matching that to the wind speeds estimated to produce comparable damage.
Tornadoes in Poland
There was a tornado outbreak in southern and central Poland between 15 and 16 August 2008. Overall, it killed four people.
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MIND-TWISTING TORNADO FACTS
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-the first tornado ever recorded in Europe was in 1054 in Ireland.
-if a tornado occurs over water, it's called a waterspout.
-tornadoes can be invisible until they pick up dust and debris, or a cloud forms within the spinning funnel.
-a tornado watch means that conditions are ripe for a tornado, a warning means that a storm has been spotted on the ground or via radar.
-tornado warning lead times have been increasing and you usually get warned 13 minutes before the tornado hits you.
-however they have a 70 percent false alarm rate, which may lead to taking them less seriously than they should be taken.
TORNADO SAFETY TIPS
IN A BUILDING...
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Seek shelter immediately. Go to a storm seller, safe room, basement or the lowest level in the building. If there is no basement go to the center of the building, away from windows and doors. Put as many walls as possible between you and the outside. Get under a sturdy object like a table and cover yourself with pillows and blanckets. Use your arms to protect your head and neck. A helmet can offer some protection too.
IN A CAR...
IN A CAR...
If you are in a car, drive to the nearest shelter immediately. If there isn't enough time and you are caught by extreme winds or flying debris, park the car as quickly and safely as possible out of the traffic lanes. Stay in the car with the seatbelt on. Put your head below the windows, cover your head with your hands and a blanket, coat, or other cushion if possible. Do not park under a bridge or overpass and never try to outrun a tornado in urban and crowded areas.
OUTSIDE...
OUTSIDE...
If you are outside find the lowest point on the ground and lie facedown. Use your arms to protect your head and neck from flying debris.
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THANK YOU FOR YOUr ATTENTION !