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Timeline for Emperor of All Maladies
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The Emperor of All Maladies
Opening Eyes
Siddhartha Mukherjee's Emperor of All Maladies tells his experience with patients affected with cancer as well as the history and the studies of the illness.
"Of Black Cholor, Without Boyling"
This part describes the early history of cancer research, starting with the research for an anti-leukemic drugs, and the development of more radical surgeries by William Halsted. The U.S. government also established the National Cancer Act in 1937 to help promote research and help struggling patients.
An Impatient War
The fight against cancer became stronger than ever in with Faber and Lasker fueling the fight against it. More experiments were being tested on cancer cells, such as treatment with antifolates. VAMP was also created as a four drug combination and was launched in 1961. Specific drugs began to target specific cancers such as ovarian cancer and lung cancer. MOPP was an intensive chemotherapy which caused severe naseau.
"Will You Turn Me Out If I Can't Get Better?"
The battle between radical surgery and simple surgery began. The use of MOPP targeted breast cancer, but the symptoms of the patients were disregarded. The concept of counting cancer was also reintroduced.
Prevention is the Cure
The rise of cancer was beginning to be noticed in 1942 when statisticians brought the news that deaths caused by cancer had risen significantly. The study of lung cancer was initiated, but to no avail as the conclusion that lung cancer could be caused by anything was formed. After this, ads for tobacco products were banned, and filters were put on cigarettes. The discovery of a link between tobacco and cancer led to new tests for chemical carcinogens, and the study of abnormal cells led to the determination that pre-screening could help prevent cervical cancer.
"A Distorted Version of Our Normal Selves"
Researchers were split into three main groups in the early 1950s, the virologists, epidemiologists, and the successors of Boveri. Genes begin to be analyzed to see what causes the cancer, such as the SRC gene.
The Fruits of Long Endeavors
Many had set goals to have found a cure or a drug that would combat major cancers and lower the death rate. Most chemotherapy in the 1980s targeted cell growth. Genetic shuffling was researched to help with cancer efforts. New drugs such as Herceptin and Gleevec were produced and are still used today.