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As with all surgical procedures, complications are an absolute part of surgery!
Safer than ACDF - the most common neurosurgical procedure on the cervical spine - still has complications
Approach related complications - courtesy Mr Westcott and Dr Qi
Surgery related complications
General (fusion related) - non-resolution of symptoms
- wrong level
- neural injury/paralysis
- CSF leak
- instrumentation failure/misplacement
- subsidence
- non-union
- ASD
Specific to ALIF - mis-placed instrumentation specific to ALIF (2-11%)
- inability to place screws/ cage expulsion or dislodgement
- persistence of radicular symptoms
- stretch injury of nerves/paralysis/cauda equina compression(1-3%)
- retrograde ejaculation - L5/S1 (1-3%)
- subsidence (not common with biologics)
- pseudo-arthrosis/non-union
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