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-Development of cancer may be:
-Genetic
-Chemical
-Environmental
-Viral
-Immunological
-or Multifactorial
-Lack of physical activity
-Smoking
-Eating habits -Alcohol consumption
-Excessive body weight
-Excessive sun Exposure
Stage 0: Cancer in situ
Stage I: Tumour limited to tissue of origin; localized tumour growth
Stage II: Limited local spread
Stage III: Extensive local and regional spread
Stage IV: Metastasis
C Change in bowel or bladder habits
A A sore that does not heal
U Unusual bleeding or discharge from a body orifice
T Thickening of a lump in the breast or elsewhere
I Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
O Obvious change in a wart or mole
N Nagging cough or hoarseness
Cancer Diagnosis Plan
Physical examination
Identification of risk factors
4
3
2
1
Health history
Specific diagnostic studies
Tissue may be obtained by:
-Patient at risk for experiencing fear and anxiety related to diagnoses
-Patient at risk for anticipatory grieving related to loss of physiological well-being (loss of body part, change in the body)
Fatigue is a commonly reported adverse affect of cancer therapy, affecting 70 - 100% of patients. Ignoring fatigue or over stressing the body when fatigue is tolerable may lead to an increase in symptoms.
Maintaining good nutrition and adequate hydration, alternating periods of rest and activity, relying on family members for assistance, and managing pain and anxiety may help reduce fatigue.
Anorexia may develop as a general reaction to treatment. The mechanisms underlying the development of anorexia are unclear, but several theories exist.
Anorexia peaks at about 4 weeks of treatment and seems to resolve more quickly than fatigue when treatment ends.
The patients body weight should be measured least twice weekly.
1. Don't use tobacco
2. Eat a healthy diet
3. Maintain a healthy weight and be physically active
4. Protect yourself from the sun
5. Get vaccinated
6.Get regular medical care
The goals of cancer treatment is cure, control, or palliation. Factors determining the therapeutic approach include the cell type of the cancer, the location and the size of the tumor, and the extant of the disease.
When caring for a patient with cancer, the nurse should know the goals of the treatment plan when communicating and supporting the client.
The goals of cure, control, and palliation are achieved through the use of four treatment modalities: surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and biological therapy. These modalities can be used alone or in any combination in the initial treatment phase, as well as in the repeated treatment phases of cancer.
Infection occurs as a result of ulceration and necrosis caused by the tumor, compression of vital organs, and neutropenia caused the disease process or treatment of cancer
Lewis, S., Dirksen, S., Heitkemper, M., Bucher, L., & Camera, I. (2014). Medical-Surgical Nursing In Canada: Assessment and management of clinical problems. Toronto, ON: Elsevier Canada.