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Modal Auxiliaries
20
Obligation / Promise
Shall
To express Promise
Only to use with I and WE
I shall finish my work today
Degrees of Necessity
SHALL
OUGHT TO
Maybe...
We must study for the test
Necessity
MUST
25%-50%
75% - 100%
Should
I should do my homework today
Obligation / Duty
0 - 25%
50% - 75%
MUST
SHOULD
You have to... You have an obligation
You ought to know
Obligation / Duty
OUGHT TO
Possibility and its degrees
Indicates Ability
Can / Could
Likelihood, ability, permission, obligation, duty, etc
Modality
He can / could go to school
Past ability
Could
Think about this...
What's the difference between...
Can I go to the bathroom?
May I go to the bathroom?
Present ability
I can read people's minds
Can
I thought you could read minds
Degrees of possibility
May
A mere guess
The Lowest Possibility
Might
Less than 50% sure
Can / Could
Quite sure
He may go to school
He might go to school
May
Might
A type of auxiliary verb that we use to indicate modality
COULD
Polite Requests
To be used in questions
Same meaning as CAN, but more polite
Could I join you?
What is a modal verb?
Can
Could
May
if you wanna sound ordinary
50/50 politeness
if you want to sound sophisticated
Ex.: Can we talk?
Permission / Polite Request
- Permission
- Use it in questions
CAN
- Permission
- Use as a question
- More polite than can
May I call you Jack?
May
PREDICTION
The World may/might end in 2012
SHALL
To be supposed to
DEGREES OF PREDICTION
MAY - MIGHT
WILL
Uncertain Prediction
Highly Predicted
2007
2001
2013
SHALL
To be expected to do something
The World will end in 2012
WILL
The World shall end in 2012
MIGHT / MAY
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Modal Verbs
Expressions with a Modal Meaning
to have the permission to
Be able to
be allowed to
To have the ability to