Structures of the Foregut

Following the Path Down

Starting at the Distal Esophagus

- Through the esophageal hiatus approximately T-12**

- connects to the stomach

- food passes into the stomach via the lower esophageal sphincter

Stomach

Num Nums --> Tum Tum

- Food bolus moves into stomach

for digestion

- 4 parts: cardia, fundus, body, pylorus

- greater and lesser curvature

- blood supply tracks along

- omentum attachment sites

- another sphincter!

The Foregut

Spleen

No, not a kidney

exploring the structures of the superior abdomen

- between the stomach and diaphragm

- LUQ

- stores and filters blood

- makes lymphocytes

- supplied by the splenic artery off the celiac trunk off the ___**

Liver

She thick (sometimes)

Abdominal Aorta!

- 4 lobed structure**

- lies against the diaphragm (bald spot)

- ligaments

- Portal Triad

- production!

- metabolism!

- filtration!

0h my!

Gallbladder

- bile stored here (if you have one)

- cholelithiasis** --> cholecystitis --> cholecystectomy

- cystic artery <-- RHA <-- CHA

(<-- CT <-- AA)

Pancreas

- L2

- also 4 parts

- points to the spleen

- between the stomach and kidney

- exocrine (digestion)

- endocrine (BG regulation)

- supply from splenic artery & CHA

Small Intestine - DJ Ill

The Duodenum

Specifically, Duodenum

- 25cm

- AGAIN 4 parts

- cap + retroperitoneal

- Receives food from stomach

- digestion components from GB and pancreas

- Gastroduodenal artery from ___**

- pancreaticoduodenal <-- SMA

Hepatomegaly

Liver enlargement with many causes:

- Hepatitis

- Cirrhosis

- Cancer

- Obstruction

- Heart Failure

- Fatty Liver Disease

The liver compensates to maintain function

Hypertrophy occurs, enlarging the liver

Original tissue > remodeling

Can cause crowding, pain, distention; liver failure

Can be seen via imaging or

anatomy lab!

Questions??

References

- Bennet, C. (April 2023). Anatomy 1, Week 13. [PowerPoint slides]. Department of Physician Assistant Studies, Elon University.

id=202019949

- Duncan, J.L., & Parikh, N.B., & Seitzman, G.D. Papadakis, M.A. & McPhee. S.J., & Rabow. M.W., & McQuaid, K.R., & Gandhi M(Eds.) (2024). Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment. McGraw-Hill Education. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/context.aspz?bookid=3343&sectionid=279929829

- Morton DA, Foreman K, Albertine KH. (Eds.) (2018). The Big Picture: Gross Anatomy, Medical Course & Step 1 Review, 2nd Edition. McGraw-Hill Education.. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=2478&section

- Netter, F. H. (2022). Atlas of human anatomy. Eightg edition. Philadelphia, PA, Saunders/Elsevier.