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SHAKESPEARE

Eric Verges, Alex Sanz & Paula Cortijo

HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION

1558-1603

English history marked by the reign of Queen Elizabeth I

revival

classical ideals, international expansion, and naval triumph over Spain

Historians

golden age of England’s History

economic, cultural and social development

THEATER William Shakespeare

exploration and expansion abroad and consolidation of the Protestant reform

England constituted a separate kingdom, before the Royal union with Scotland.

HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION

Elizabethan era

between the English Reformation and the religious battles between Protestants and Catholics

...

political between Parliament and the monarchy

Great rival was Spain

Anglo-Spanish war

1585-1604

invade England with the Spanish

Drake-Norris expedition

1588

1589

was defeated

English commercial and territorial expansion

Treaty of London

During this period centralized, well-organized and effective government

Henry VII and Henry VIII

...

transatlantic trade

the theft of Spanish treasure by piracy

the trafficking of African slaves

the consolidation of Anglicanism

the religious policy of Queen Elizabeth I

16th century poetry

Poetry

during the reign of Queen Elizabeth

characteristics

(1558-1603)

many variations of the theme

Elizabethan literature

  • based on courtly love conventions
  • were mainly lyrical
  • sonnets

was considered one of the golden ages in English literature.

  • variety of meters and verse forms
  • iambic pentameter
  • metaphors, allegory, repetition, personification, hyperbole's...
  • constancy in love
  • passion of the lover
  • rejection from the beloved
  • praise of beauty
  • unattainable love
  • conceit

the queen encouraged and promoted great works

"a midsummer night's dream" of Shakespeare

POETRY & THEATRE

Topic

17th century poetry

metaphysical

cavalier

2 types of poetry

-focused on a fancy lifestyle

-to entertain rather than instruct

-favorite topic is love

-erotic in nature

-intellectual, analytical, psychological and bold

-absorbed in thoughts of death, physical love and religious devotion

-realistic imagery

themes

main theme: pleasure

carpe diem ( seize the day )

main themes: spirituality and religion

life's complexities

theater

were still presented in open air theaters or other times presented at court

actors traveled from town to town in a cart for audience

the theater was a dirty place

acting was not a respected profession

woman were not permitted to act until after 1660

open air theaters:

-polygonal shape

-the audience stood around the stage in the yard

-natural light, they were not covered

two types of theaters

teenage boys would play the role of women

indoor halls:

-rectangular shape

-lit by candles and torches

-more expensive in the front seats and

less expensive in the rear seats

authors

-plays and sonnets

-his plays composed using blank verse famous plays

-hamlet, romeo and Juliet, and Henry v

-writes to explain the passion and reality of true love

-William Shakespeare

-Christopher Marlowe

-English dramatist

-poet and translator of the Elizabethan era

-he wrote using satire, love poetry, sexuality, religion, death...

-irregular meters

-unusual language

-religious poetry

-George Herbert

IDEOLOGY

The society marked by an individualization, emanated from philosophical effusions about man

weak small population quite poor, obscured and little known abroad

Italians and French

considered as semi-barbarians as the language almost nobody knew him abroad.

society were bloodthirsty and full of drunkenness

assumption deaths by different social classes

IDEOLOGY

Medieval popular tradition

collective experience and historical awareness

Popular drama

Rencentist humanism

novel themes, forms and structure

...

Elizabeth made it compulsory to attend Protestant church services

  • distracted people from worshipping God
  • moral iniquity of city life.
  • boy actors playing women’s roles as immoral

Puritans believed that was not Protestant enough

Puritans hated theater

...

...

Discontent abolish all religious symbols from the

Parliament defeated their bill, and frustrations quickly grew

Elizabeth gave some ground to Puritan demands

maintain the original terms she established for the

of England back in 1559

reign of King James I

Puritanism

Hamlet (1996)

Kenneth Branagh

Director

-The cast is superb

-The actors don't simply recite lines; they discover the meaning of Shakespeare's words as they speak them.

- Most versions of Hamlet are heavily edited, and this is a chance to see the entire play in all its glorious complexity.

-So at four hours, this longest of all of cinema's Hamlets is not for everyone but for those who love their Shakespeare, it's an essential watch.

-4 oscars Oscar for Best Adapted Screenplay

Oscar for Best Costume

Look for the best artistic need

Oscar for best modifiable dramatic soundtrack

ADAPTATION

Topic

The lion king

Denmark

King Mufasa

King hamlet

Main characters are princes/Both fathers reappear as ghosts

Both have shady uncles.

One love interest.

Sent into exile.

Scar

Claudius

Simba + Nala

Ophelia + hamlet

More adaptations

“Throne of Blood” (1957)

Based On: “Macbeth”

“Forbidden Planet” (1956)

Based On: “The Tempest”

THEATRE

10 Things I Hate About You” (1999)

Based On: “The Taming of the Shrew”

“My Own Private Idaho” (1991)

Based On: “Henry IV”

THEATRE

SONNET 66

Tired with all these, for restful death I cry,

As to behold desert a beggar born,

And needy nothing trimm'd in jollity,

And purest faith unhappily forsworn,

And gilded honour shamefully misplaced,

And maiden virtue rudely strumpeted,

And right perfection wrongfully disgraced,

And strength by limping sway disabled

And art made tongue-tied by authority,

And folly, doctor-like, controlling skill,

And simple truth miscalled simplicity,

And captive good attending captain ill:

Tired with all these, from these would I be gone,

Save that, to die, I leave my love alone.

William Shakespeare

The theme of the sonnet is related to death. It has part of drama and love.

REPRESENTATION

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