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Bird Circulatory System
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Great Spotted Kiwi Circulatory System
Apteryx haastii
By Ciara Murphy
Figure 1. Kiwi bird heart diagram labeled according to system structures. Adapted from "Bird Hearts" by Pure Build, n.d., Pure Build Co.,http://hh.purebuild.co/bird_heart_diagram.php
Figure 2. Kiwi bird circulatory system showing arteries, veins, and heart.Adapted from "Circulatory System Anatomy" by The Cornell Lab, 2016, The Cornell Lab Bird Academy, https://academy.allaboutbirds.org/circulatory_system-anatomy-jeff-szuc/
Overall Purpose:
Overall Purpose
The overall purposes of the circulatory system are to deliver oxygen to cells and maintain a stable body temperature. The Kiwi circulatory system consists of a heart, veins, arteries, and blood vessels. The heart pumps blood to the veins, arteries, and blood vessels. The blood then is able to reach the other cells of the body and oxygenate them. It is then pumped back into the heart (Ritchison, n.d.).
Homeostasis
Maintaining Homeostasis
The Kiwi circulatory system maintains homeostasis within the bird because it continuously circulates blood and oxygen throughout the body, a function essential for life. If this circulation did not take place, then the Kiwi's internal equilibrium would be compromised, causing death (Ritchison, n.d.)
The Characteristics of Life
Of the eight characteristics of life, the circulatory system relates most closely to the need to evolve. This is because the Kiwi's circulatory system must constantly be adapting to fit the needs of its bodily motions and actions. This includes running, jumping, diving, and swimming. The Kiwi's circulatory system has evolved to sustain the bird throughout all these actions (Ritchison, n.d.).
Characteristics
of Life
Kiwi Circulatory System
vs.
Human Circulatory System
Comparison to Human
In many ways, the Kiwi's heart is very similar to the human heart. The both serve the same function of pumping blood to be oxygenated and distributed throughout the body. Both Kiwis and humans have four-chamber hearts, separated spaces for oxygen-rich and oxygen-depleted blood, and two ventricles. The separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood along with a greater number of chambers than amphibians and reptiles creates a very efficient system.Both humans and Kiwis are s warm blooded and have faster metabolisms due to the chamber separation of oxygen-rich vs. oxygen-depleted blood (Farabee, 2007).
Ascending Aorta
Ascending Aorta
The Ascending Aorta is the artery which takes blood from the heart's left ventricle, eventually reaching the Descending Aorta. Its branches are then responsible for the distribution of oxygenated blood to the Kiwi's body (Robb, n.d.).
Left Atrium
While in the lungs, blood takes in oxygen and becomes oxygenated. It is then pumped to the Left Atrium. From there, blood flows to the Left Ventricle (Robb, n.d.).
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
The strongest chamber of the Kiwi's heart, the Left Ventricle, is where arteries begin to pump blood throughout the whole body. Because of this, it needs a thick layer of muscle wall to complete its job. With every beat of the Kiwi's heart, this process repeats (Robb, n.d.).
Left Ventricle
Topic
Right Ventricle
RIght Ventricle
Right Ventricle
The Right Ventricle is located above the Right Atrium. The chamber is larger than the Right Atrium and responsible for the pumping of blood into the lungs (Robb, n.d.).
Right Atrium
Right Atrium
The Right Atrium, or first chamber of the heart is where blood flows back into and re-enters the heart through veins (Robb, n.d.).
Brachial Vein
The pair of Brachial Veins' purpose is to carry blood from the back of the wings into the cranial vena cava, and then back to the heart (The Cornell Lab, n.d.).
Brachial Vein
Brachial Artery
The Brachial Artery branches down from the descending aorta, carrying oxygenated blood to the Kiwi's wings (The Cornell Lab, n.d.).
Brachial Artery
Jugular Vein
When oxygen-poor blood reaches the neck and head of the Kiwi, the Jugular Vein carries the blood through to the cranial vena cava, then to the Kiwi's heart (The Cornell Lab, n.d.).
Jugular Vein
Relation to the Muscular System
Relation to Muscular System
The circulatory system and muscular system are related because the muscular system depends on the circulatory system to maintain its functions. Muscles in the body require oxygen to carry out their functions, and this oxygen is delivered to them by the oxygenated blood of the circulatory system. Similarly, any waste created by muscles is carried away as blood is pumped through the body. Additionally, blood carries nutrients to muscles, allowing them to repair themselves. Essentially, the circulatory system provides the muscular system with the necessary substances for it to function (Laconi, 2018).
Pulmonary Arteries
The purpose of the pulmonary arteries is to receive de-oxygenated blood from the right side of the heart. They then bring this blood to the lungs where the blood can be re-oxygenated. The newly oxygenated blood is then brought back to the heart where it is pumped out of the aorta by means of the left ventricle (The Cornell Lab, n.d.).
References
Robb, A. (n.d.). Bird Circulatory System: Function &
Structure. Retrieved from https://study.com/academy/lesson/bird-circulatory-system-function-structure.html
References
The Cornell Lab. (n.d.). All About Bird Anatomy. Retrieved from
https://academy.allaboutbirds.org/featuresbirdanatomy/
Ritchison, G. (n.d.). Avian Circulatory System. Retrieved from
http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/birdcirculatory.html
Farabee, M.J. (2007). Types of Circulatory Systems. Retrieved
from https://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookcircSYS.html
Laconi, A. (2018, April 16). How Does the Muscular System
Work With the Circulatory System? Retrieved from https://sciencing.com muscularsystem-work-circulatory-system-6549063.html