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Wood Frog Adaptations

Habitat and Niche

Habitat and Niche

Wood frogs are typically found in the forests of the United States, more specifically Alaska and the Northeast. They can also be found in more scarce numbers down south in Alabama and the Northwest (Idaho). Wood frogs are the only frogs that live outside of the arctic circle. Adult wood frogs typically live in leaf litter, laying their eggs in vernal pools. Wood frogs are consumers, since they are not able to produce their own food, they must rely on other sources for nourishment such as flies and insects.

Adaptations

Adaptation

Winters in Alaska can reach -62 degrees Celsius. In order for the wood frog to survive, they freeze themselves solid. They stop breathing, and their heart stops beating, but they do not die. In order to achieve this, they build up very high concentrations of glucose in their organs and tissues. This prevents their cells from shrinking or dying. That way they can thaw in the spring and "come back to life".

Identification

Identification

Wood frogs freezing themselves is an example of a behavioral adaptation, because it is something that it DOES to survive, not something that is already born with. It is similar to hibernation, which is also a behavioral adaptation. In a way it is born with this, however it is something that has been adapted over time.

Explanation

This adaptation helps wood frogs reproduce because freezing themselves throughout the winter, allows for them to survive until spring, when they reproduce and mate. If they didn't freeze themselves, the harsh weather would kill them, and they wouldn't be able to reproduce the next year.

References

References

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Fun Fact

https://www.nwf.org/educational-resources/wildlife-guide/amphibians/wood-frog

https://www.businessinsider.com/these-7-animals-have-crazy-adaptations-to-help-them-to-survive-in-their-habitats-2016-7

https://oepos.ca.uky.edu/content/wood-frog#:~:text=Fun%20Facts%20%2D%20The%20wood%20frog,be%20frozen%20without%20killing%20it.

http://www.naturenorth.com/spring/creature/woodfrog/wf2.html

https://www.chesapeakebay.net/discover/field-guide/entry/wood_frog

https://www.frog-life-cycle.com/wood-frog.html

Fun Fact!

Fun Fact- The Wood Frog lives farther north than any other North American amphibian!

Life Cycle

Wood frogs start breeding in the spring. Their mating season tends to last from March through May. They lay their eggs in vernal pools, since there are no fish inhabiting those pools that would eat their eggs. The eggs will take between a week and a month to hatch (colder means longer hatch time). The tadpoles begin metamorphosis at 2 months. Males tend to reach sexual maturity at 1 or 2 years old, and females. take about 3 years, but they live longer than males. The overall life span of a wood frog is about 3 years.

Visual Life Cycle

Life Cycle

The life cycle of a wood frog begins with two wood frogs mating in the spring and laying between 1,000 and 3,000 eggs in the vernal pool. Then, after a few months, those eggs will hatch in to small tadpoles. A few more months later, the tadpoles grow into young frogs. A while later, they mature into adults and later on reach sexual maturity. Their total lifespan is approximately 3 years.

Explanation

Reproduction

Wood frogs sexually reproduce, as the male must provide sperm to the female in order for the eggs to be fertilized. They have to go through the physical process in order for anything to happen. The males clasp onto the backs of the females and deposit the sperm while the female lays the eggs.

Reproduction

Impacts

Human and Environmental Impacts

The wood frog population is stable, however habitat loss due to development and farming may affect them. The cold winters can negatively impact them, because they do have adaptations, but they might not be enough to keep the frog alive if the temperature drops too low. Having vernal pools in their environment help them to lay eggs in a safe place with no predators in the water to eat the eggs.

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