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Atlantic Ocean Food Web
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Atlantic Ocean Food Web
By Adrian Lam and Poko Lam
Great white shark - Carcharodon carcharias
Great white shark
- Heterotroph, carnivore, trophic level four (tertiary consumer)
- Prey: Seals, Sea Lions, Dolphins
- Solitary apex predator
- Have up to 300 serrated, triangular teeth
Orca - Orcinus orca
Orcas
-Heterotroph, Carnivore, trophic level four (tertiary consumer)
-Marine mammal
-Prey: migrating bluefin tuna, herring, bony fish
-Highly social predators who hunt in groups
-Found in all oceans, especially densely found in Northeast Atlantic
Whale shark - Rhincodon typus
Whale shark
-Heterotroph, omnivore, Trophic level three(secondary consumer)
-Found in western Atlantic Ocean from the coast of New York to central Brazil
-Prey: zooplankton, phytoplankton, mackerals, squids, small tuna
Common Dolphins - Delphinus Delphis
Dolphins
-Heterotroph, Carnivore, Trophic level three(secondary consumer)
-Marine mammal
-Born with about 80 to 100 cone shaped teeth, but they don't chew
-Prey: usually small fish, squids
Bluefin tuna - Thunnus thynnus
Bluefin tuna
-Heterotroph, carnivore, Trophic level three(secondary consumer)
-Prey: flying fish, a variety of crabs, lobsters and crayfish
-Main activity area: everywhere in Atlantic Ocean
-There are Western and Northern tunas
Cuttlefish - Sepia officinalis
Cuttlefish
-Heterotroph, omnivore, trophic level three(secondary consumer)
-Mainly found in eastern Atlantic
-Preyed on by migrating tuna
Atlantic blue crab - Callinectes sapidus
-Heterotroph, omnivore, Trophic level two(primary consumer)
-Not necessarily "blue"
Atlantic Blue crab
Atlantic flyingfish - Cheilopogon melanurus
Atlantic flying fish
-Heterotroph, Omnivores, Trophic level two(primary consumer)
-Diet: plankton, very small crustaceans
-Has wings to fly above water
-Mainly preyed on dolphins and seagulls
Kelp - Laminariales
Kelp
- Autotroph, trophic level one(producer)
- There are kelp "forests" in the sea
- Provides shelter for many forms of sea life
- Is a food source for many primary consumers
Red algae -Rhodophyta
Red algae
- Autotroph, Trophic level one(producer)
-They are single celled
- Eaten by a lot of consumers
Cladophora
-Autotroph, Trophic level one(producer)
- It serves as a habitat for many organisms
- Lack of control of cladaphora will lead to algal bloom, which leads to many harmful effects such as the blockage of sunlight
Euglena - Euglena
Euglenoid
-Mixotroph, Trophic level one(producer)
- It is able to conduct photosynthesis
- It is usually an autotroph that produces its own energy, but when there is no light, it becomes a heterotroph and absorbs nutrients through their cell membrane
References
Michigan State University Wildlife Society and Zoology Club. Atlantic ocean animals. Atlantic Ocean Animals | Facts About Animals. Retrieved October 6, 2022, from http://www.facts-about.info/tag/atlantic-ocean-animals/
French, L., & Naylor, G. (2018, October 18). Carcharodon Carcharias. Florida Museum. Retrieved October 6, 2022, from https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/discover-fish/species-profiles/carcharodon-carcharias/
Gibbens, S. (2021, May 4). The Atlantic Ocean-Facts and information. Environment. Retrieved October 6, 2022, from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/atlantic-ocean
Bodden, S. (2011, June 22). Callinectes sapidus (blue crab). Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved October 10, 2022, from https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Callinectes_sapidus/
Wiley, L., & Compton, A. L. (2010, December 10). Sepia officinalis. Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved October 10, 2022, from https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Sepia_officinalis/
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2020, February 27). kelp. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/kelp
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2021, June 23). whale shark. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/animal/whale-shark
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2020, September 10). dolphin. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/animal/dolphin-fish
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2021, November 18). killer whale. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/animal/killer-whale
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2021, March 16). cuttlefish. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/animal/cuttlefish
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2020, May 3). blue crab. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/animal/blue-crab
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2016, October 3). red algae. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/red-algae
Walter K Dodds, Dolly A. Gudder (1992, August). The ecology of Cladophora. Journal of Phycology. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227845464_The_ecology_of_Cladophora
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia (12 May. 2022) euglena. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/Euglena.
Photo references
Photos:
Ekizoglou , S. (2019). Body of Water Under Blue Sky. photograph, Odemira, Portugal.
Facts About Animals. (2021). Atlantic Bluefin Tuna - Thunnus Thynnus. photograph.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. (n.d.). Orca. photograph.
Rotman, J. L. (n.d.). Whale shark. photograph.
Wilson, D. P. (n.d.). Cuttlefish. photograph.
Gerald, J. H. (n.d.). Blue crab. photograph.
Dreelin, A. (2018). Photo 22559277 Atlantic flyingfish. photograph.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. (n.d.). Common Dolphin. photograph.
Hoyos, M. (2018). White shark photo. photograph.
Flip Nicklin/Minden Pictures. (n.d.). Giant kelp forest. photograph.
© damedias/stock.adobe.com. (n.d.). Red algae. photograph.
Sebastian Vogel. (March 4, 2012). cladophora aegagrophila. photograph
Rogelio Moreno. (October 13, 2014). euglena. photograph