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Norms in translation

Gideon Toury

DISCLAIMER

All work content are in Munday's book (see reference list), unless otherwise cited.

Background information of Gideon Toury

  • Israeli translation scholar.

  • Pioneer of Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS).

  • He viewed translation as a social phenomenon: it has a time and a place in the socio-cultural system.

  • He also believed that translation is governed by norms.

What are norms?

It is an accepted standard or a way of behaving or doing things that most people agree with (Cambridge online dictionary).

Norms are learned through the process of education, socialization and observation of other's behaviours.

In translation norms regulate the strategies that is used during the translation process Translating a text becomes the translation of the norms of the surrounding culture to which this translator belongs.

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"The translation of general values or ideas shared by a community – as to what

is right or wrong, adequate or inadequate – into performance instructions

appropriate for and applicable to particular situations."

(as cited by Munday 2016:177)

Toury's norms of translation

Initial norms

These norm refer to the general choices that a translator needed to make.

A translator is either apply themselves to the norms in the ST or to those within the TL or target culture.

Initial norms

Preliminary norms

These norms are translation policy and the directness of translation.

*Translation policy refers to the factors determining what selection of the text would be translated, regarding a specific culture or time.

*The directness of translation regards whether translation occurs through a intermediate language.

Preliminary norms

Operational norms

These norms refer to the presentation and linguistic matters of the TT.

These are:

Matricial norms - that refers to the completeness of a text (TT).

Textual-linguistic norms - this governs the selection of TT linguistic material.

Rules and idiosyncrasies

Toury established a structure to which these norms "form a grade continuum" along a scale of extreme constraints (Toury 2012: 168).

The where the norms exist between these to constraints that are either stronger (rules) or weaker (idiosyncrasies).

It shapes the norms, where is can shift toward rules or idiosyncrasies.

In other words norms can change with time and socio-cultural activities.

THANK YOU FOR LISTENING

References

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Cambridge Dictionary. 2020. Definition of the word norm. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/norm, Date of acess: 26 May 2020.

Munday, J. 2016. Introducing translation studies: theories and applications (4rd edition). London: Routledge. (pp. 176-180)

Toury, G. 2012. The nature and role of norms in translation. (In Venuti, L., ed. The translation studies reader (3rd edition). London: Routledge. pp. 168-181.)

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