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Kakinada water supply
KAKINADA WATER SUPPLY
Quality, Quantity & Duration variance
Proposed water supply system
Issues, Causes
& potential
Water demand
& supply
SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY
- Samalkota of Samalkota Canal-140 MGL
- Aratlakatta of Kakinada Canal- 345 MGL.
- There are 13 service reservoirs in city with capacity of the 11.5 MLD.
- City has 100 % water distribution system.
1
Samalkota Canal (irrigation water)
From Samalkota
To Kakinada
Samamurthy reservoir (drinking water)
Source of water supply
Objective
Objective:
1
to supply safe and clean water in adequate quantity, conveniently and as economically as possible
2
To provide water at convenient points and timings
3
to consider water conservation aspects, which may be possible through optimal use of available water resources, prevention and control of wastage of water and effective demand management.
Methodology
SCOPE:
- Study the Water Quality & Quantity
Scope
- Analyze water distribution & modeling
- Explore the Management strategies
Elevated reservoirs at six service areas
Samarlakotta canal
Domestic commercial & Industrial uses
Through Tankers
Treatment plant
Schematic flow diagram of Kakinada Water supply
Kakinada canal
Direct Pumping
2
- Types of demand
- Losses and leakages
- Number of users and life span
- Daily pattern and seasonal variation
- Water point specifications
- Mapping
Types of water distribution & lines
Essential understandings
Estimation of Water Quality Index (WQI)
Distribution map of
- ph
- electrical conductivity
- alkalinity
- sulphate
- total dissolved solids
- hardness
- turbidity
- calcium
- fluorides
- chlorides
- iron
Water supply network
Water treatment
Title
Smart City mission
- Identification and Reduction in losses due to Non-Revenue Water
- Water quality improvement for drinking water and installation of automatic smart meters.
- Water technologies: (Estimated : DKK 30 million)
- Online water quality monitoring
- Installation of automatic smart water meters (8,058 nos.)
- Implementation of SCADA (supervisory control and data advisory)
- Improving the water supply from 108 LPCD to 135 LPCD
- Citizen complaint redressal system
Smart City mission
Service Level Benchmark Indicators
- Coverage of water supply
- Per capita supply of water
- Extent of metered connections
- Extent of non-revenue water
- Quality of water supplied
SLB indicators
- Continuity of water supply
- Cost recovery in water supply services
- Efficiency in redressal of customer complaint
- Efficiency in collection of water related charges
- Coverage of water supply
=70.12%
Total No. of Direct connections
Total No. of Households in service area
- Per Capita supply of water
Total Water supplied *
=122.61
Days of water supply
Total No. of days in the month
Calculations
- Extent of Metered connections
=3.83%
No. of metered connections+no. of standposts
Total No. of connections+total standposts
- Extent of non-revenue water
=22.21%
Total water supplied - total water sold
Total water supplied
- Continuity of water supply
=3hours
Average No. of hours of pressurised water supply per day
- Quality of Water supplied
=100%
Total no. of water supply related complaints per month
No. of samples that meet the potable water standards
- Efficiency in redressal of customer complaint
Calculations
=100%
*100
Total no. of supply related complaints redressed
Total no. of complaints registered
- Cost recovery in water supply services
=99.80%
*100
Total Annual operating revenue
Total Annual operating expenditure
- Efficiency in collection of water related charges
Current year revenues collected
Total operating revenues billed
*100
=55.80%
Billing and Collection
The water charges to be fixed taking into account the ability of the system to meet the expenditure on the following heads.
- Operating Cost (excluding establishment cost),
- Establishment Cost,
- Depreciation,
- Debt Services & Doubtful Charges,
- Asset replacement fund.
Leakage Control
The overall objective of leakage control is to diagnose how water loss is caused and to formulate and implement action to reduce it, to technically and economically acceptable minimal
Physical losses and Non-Physical Losses.
3
- The Physical Losses is mainly due to leakage of water in the network and comprises of physical losses from pipes, joints & fittings, reservoirs & overflows of reservoirs & sumps
- The Non-Physical Losses is due to theft of water through illegal, already disconnected connections, under‐billing either deliberately or through defective meters, water wasted by consumer through open or leaky taps, errors in estimating flat rate consumption, public stand posts and hydrants.
- Preliminary data collection and planning
- Pipe location and survey
- Assessment of pressure and flows
- Locating the leaks
- Assessment of leakage
Service Level Benchmarks
Fire Fighting Systems
SLB indicators
water demand for fire-fighting purpose = 100√P
It is desirable that one-third of fire-fighting requirements from part of the service storage. The balance requirement may be distributed in several static tanks at strategic points.
Land requirement for Water Supply System
Institutional
Water requirement for the Railway Station for various uses (per day):
15 litres per passengers (Metcalf Eddy)
455 litres per employee (ref: CPHEEO Manuals)
Apron washing – 10 litres per sq meters as per Indian Railways Work Manual (IRWM)
Cleaning/ mopping of platform and floor – 5 litres per sqm.
Meters and greeters – 5 litres per visitor
Catering – 45 litres per passengers
Gardening/ Horticulture – 22500 litres per hectares (IRWM)
Cleaning of trains on platform – 500 litres per coach (IRWM)
Cleaning of trains in washing lanes – 3600 litres per coach (IRWM)
Watering of trains – 1800 litres/ coach (IRWM)
Fire‐fighting (CPHEEO Norms)
Commercial ‐45000 litres per hectares per day (IRWM)
UFW – 15% of total demand for new system (CPHEEO)
75% of total capacity shall be filled at the station for long haul trains (passing trains)