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Causes of C.W. / Election of 1860
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Causes of the Civil War
& Election of 1860
Sectionalism
Causes
Sectionalism- Feelings of loyalty to a state or section rather than the country as a whole. Each section (North, South, and West) had its own way of life.
States' Rights
States' Rights
States' Rights- The right of a state to withdraw from the Union. Southern states believed they could secede because each state voluntarily joined the Union. The states believed they had the powers that cannot be replaced by the federal government. John C. Calhoun had stated in 1828 that a state had a right to nullify a federal law within its borders or even secede from the Union if it wished. (Nullification Crisis)
Slavery
Slavery
Slavery- The South depended on slave labor for its economy. Abolitionists in the North wanted to end slavery. Compromises over slavery no longer worked
Election
Election of Abraham Lincoln
Election of Lincoln- Lincoln promised to stop the spread of slavery into the western territories. Southerners fear Lincoln and the Republican Party want to abolish slavery totally.
Republicans
Abraham Lincoln: 40%
Position on Slavery: leave slavery alone in the South, but do not allow slavery to spread into new states and territories. Lincoln wins with 40% of the vote, angering the South.
Southern Democrats
John Breckinridge- 18%
Position on Slavery: Protect slavery and states' rights, allow slavery to spread west, support the Dred Scott decision.
Northern Democrats
Stephen Douglas- 29%
Position on Slavery: Allow the territories to vote for themselves whether to allow slavery or not- Popular Sovereignty
Northern Democrats
Constitutional Union
John Bell: 13%
Position on slavery: Took no official position on slavery.