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Alternative energy - Renewable Electric

Max Luo

History of Alternative fuel in transportation

The first automobile that used a gasoline engine was developed by Carl Benz in 1879, consisting of a one cylinder two-stoke unit, called the Benz Patent Motor car. This design was introduced as a commercial product 7 years later, in 1886.

History

This internal combustion engine is a accurate copy of the Benz Patent motor, shown in detail.

Carl Benz contributions to the transportation industry

In 1893, Benz also developed the first double pivot steering system, which was quickly integrated into the transportation system at the time.

Steering system close up

Carl Benz developments

This was followed by the release of the 'twin engine' which was two horizontal single cylinder units in parallel, however, this was proved to not run at its best potential, so Carl made a better engine design, the 'contra engine'.

Contra engine

Sustainable fuel sources

Nissan LEAF

Timeline

In the 19th century, gasoline, petrol, and diesel were the most commonly used fuels for transportation as it was the most efficient (based on the engine design). At the time, fossil fuel sustainability was not a problem.

Although electric vehicles existed in the 19th and 20th century, they declined in use as they were quickly outmatched by the cheap and widely available crude oil cars. By 1935, most of the electric cars have disappeared from the market.

The main changes in the transportation industry was during the period from 1970, where the population began to take into account the rapidly declining amount of fossil fuels. This was when multiple electric cars were introduced, such as the Nissan LEAF, which was an all electric car.

Sales of electric vehicles 2010-2017

Tesla Engine

The main power source of an engine that's used in the Tesla model S are thousands of lithium-ion batteries, which are located in the bottom of the car. The advanced car technology matches the functionality of a modern petrol engine.

How does it work?

Diagram of an all-electric vehicle engine

Tesla Motor

While the modern internal-combustion engines are more common in the streets of the 21st century, the advantages of an electric motor greatly outweighs it. Generally an internal-combustion engine (ICE) produces around 140kW of power and weighs 180kg whereas, the electric motor produces almost double the power, at 270kW, and weighs only 40kg. It's also excessively more simple than an ICE with only 4 main components.

Tesla Motor

Battery

The battery is mainly run by the Power Electronics module, which is the charging system and power converter. To charge the batteries, it converts DC power to AC, using insulated gate bipolar transmissions, charging the batteries.

Charging and battery

Tesla Battery

Environmental Benefits

The environmental benefits of Tesla cars include:

- less greenhouse emissions

- eco-friendly materials for manufacturing

- renewable energy

- better air quality

Environmental benefits

Electric Vehicle emissions compared to gasoline

Comparison

Comparison to Hybrid cars

Hybrid cars are also a common alternative energy that's used in modern transport. The main difference between hybrid cars and all electric cars are that hybrid cars derive a fraction of its power from a conventional gasoline engine.

Although they are slightly more sustainable then full petrol cars, they emit less pollution, while all electric vehicles emit almost no pollution.

Hydrogen cars are rarer in today's transportation system, although they have some considerable aspects that help environmental health. Hydrogen is generally cheaper, although it's hard to access in large quantities. It's a natural gas, which means the combustion in the engine will emit little to no harmful substances, similar to an all electric car.

Comparison to Petrol engines

Advantages over Petrol engines

All electric vehicles are more common in the twenty first century as sustainable fuel has arisen as a problem. The good aspects of full electric vehicles heavily outweigh the bad, as technology is becoming more modern.

Advantages include safer use - more stable due to lower center of weight which is a result of the heavy batteries on the base of the car. In addition to the safety of the car, electric vehicles such as the Tesla Model S are also a lot more sustainable than combustion engines.

Bibliography

- http://knowhow.napaonline.com/the-history-of-alternative-fuel-vehicles/

- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222424098_The_history_of_alternative_fuels_in_transportation_The_case_of_electric_and_hybrid_cars

- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0957178707000768

- https://www.rac.co.uk/drive/advice/emissions/alternative-fuels/

- https://auto.howstuffworks.com/tesla-roadster.htm

- https://www.engadget.com/2016-10-31-how-do-tesla-cars-actually-work.html#:~:text=However%2C%20Tesla%20cars%20only%20use%20battery%20power.&text=It%20converts%20electrical%20energy%20drawn,can%20find%20on%20traditional%20cars.

Conclusion

From the vast range of alternative energy cars, the Electric vehicle is one of the most efficient, and most commercially available cars, and is revolutionizing modern transport.

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