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The release of petroleum and hydrocarbons in marine environment due to human activity
Fate of marine oil spill (ITOPF)
Blend of surfactant
molecules and solvents
by reducing the oil-water interfacial surface tension and facilitating droplet formation
enhance the natural dispersion process
Aggregation, fecal pellets, coagulation ...etc
10–25% of the total DOM exists as a group of heterogeneous polymers called ExoPolymeric Substances (EPS) Produced by oceanic microbes
Marine Snow
Conceptual graph showing EPS, TEP and Micro-gels and their operationally-determination (Xu et al., 2019)
Oil can get integrated into MS creating Marine oil Snow (MOS)
It can also interact with mineral particle creating oil mineral particles (OMAs)
Reduce aggregation but increase the amount of oil per aggregates ==> Bigger oil export to the seafloor
Schematic of the effects of dispersant application on the formation of sinking diatom aggregates (Passow et al.,2017)
Method development (Flow Imaging Microscopy)
Impacts of dispersant and organic matter on the oil droplets parameters and their distribution?
0.1% oil
ASW
WAF
corexit
1 hour rest at 5°C
1 hour shaking at 150 rpm at 5°C
0.1% oil
ASW
1:20 Corexit
CEWAF
3 Replicates per treatment
Flow imaging microscopy (6R/S)
Sampling
ASW+GX
GX_CEWAF
48 h rest
1h rest
1 h shaking at 150 rpm
PEPS_CEWAF
phytoplankton culture
1h rest
Filtration
1 h shaking at 150 rpm
0.1% oil
ASW
WAF
1 hour rest at 5°C
1 hour shaking at 150 rpm at 5°C
0.1% oil
ASW
1:20 Corexit
CEWAF
ASW+GX
GX_CEWAF
48 h rest
1h rest
1 h shaking at 150 rpm
ASW+GX
GX_CEWAF
48 h rest
1h rest
1 h shaking at 150 rpm
PEPS_CEWAF
phytoplankton culture
1 h shaking at 150 rpm
Filtration
1h rest
Bloom_CEWAF
1h rest
1 h shaking at 150 rpm
BEPS_CEWAF
2 h rest
1h rest
1 h shaking at 150 rpm
ASW+BEPS
Bloom_CEWAF
1h rest
1 h shaking at 150 rpm
SW
BEPS_CEWAF
2 h rest
1h rest
1 h shaking at 150 rpm
ASW+BEPS
Rolling tank experiments
Conditions
WAF + Clays Bloom_WAF CEWAF + Clays bloomCEWAF
+ Clays + Clays
3 Replicates per treatment
Proxy-CEWAF + Clays
PEPS-CEWAF + Clays
BEPS-CEWAF + Clays
Proxy-WAF + Clays
PEPS-WAF + Clays
BEPS-WAF + Clays
Live culture CEWAF
Dead culture CEWAF
Oil live culture CEWAF
Live culture WAF
Dead culture WAF
Oil live culture WAF
UV sterilized culture natural local bacteria WAF
Live local bacteria culture WAF
Oil Live local bacteria culture WAF
UV sterilized culture natural local bacteria CEWAF
Live local bacteria culture CEWAF
Oil Live local bacteria culture CEWAF
Surrounding sea water
Aggregates
What are the impacts of oil and/or dispersant exposure on
•How does the water samples collected during a bloom aggregate in presence and absence of oil and dispersant?
WAF CEWAF ASW Enriched
Seawater
Micro-droplets size ( Diameter ESD) Box Plots
WAF CEWAF
3 treatments