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https://play.kahoot.it/#/?quizId=2c2842f4-1692-47bb-a060-8f142d3a2c56

Evolution

Peter and Isaac

05/05/2019

Evolution

1

Descent w/ Modification

1

Descent with Modification

The Origin of Species

History

THE HISTORY

In 1859, when Charles Darwin published "The Origin of Species"

THEORY

Aristotle viewed species as fixed (scala naturae).

Old Testament believe that all species is perfect because of God.

level of increasing complexity

Carolus Linnaeus

Interpreted organism adaptations as evidence that God had designed each species for a specific purpose.

binomial format

LESSONS

HOW

Darwin drew his theory from the work of scientists studying fossil

Paleontology- the study of fossil

Strata- layer of rock

George Cuvier

  • Older the stratum, the more dissimilar it fossils were to current life-form.
  • Observed that some new species appeared while other disappeared from one strata to another.
  • Speculated that each boundary between strata represented a sudden catastrophic event.

James Hutton

  • Proposed that Earth's geologic features could be explained by gradual mechanism.
  • Charles Lyell (Uniformitarianism)

Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck

  • Proposed a mechanism for how life changes over time

  • Use and disuse

  • Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

Data

Homology: similarity resulting from common ancestor

Data

Analogous: similar function, but not common ancestry.

Key Points

  • Individuals do not evolve; population evolve over time

  • Natural selection can only edits/selects for traits presented within a population

  • Adaptation vary within environments

TIMELINE

Evolution of Population

2

Phylogeny

2

Phylogeny

Phylogeny

PHYLOGENY

Phylogeny: the evolutionary history of a species or groups of related species

  • Fossil
  • Molecular
  • Genetic
  • Taxonomy
  • Taxon: taxonomic unit at any level of hierarchy

KEY POINTS

  • Show patterns of descent, not phenotypic similarity

  • Do not indicate when species evolved. (Molecular Clock)

  • Cladistic group organism by common descent
  • Monophyletic: Single tribe
  • Paraphyletic: Beside the tribe
  • Polyphyletic: Many tribes

3

3

Evolution of Population

WHY

WHY

  • Genetic variation
  • Mutation

  • Gene duplication

  • reproduction

Hardy-Weinberg

Genetic Flow

Impacts of Genetic Drift

  • Significant to small population

  • Cause allele frequencies to change at random

  • Loss of genetic variation within population

  • Harmful alleles to become fixed

4

The Origin of Species

4

Speciation

Biology Species Concept

Biological Species Concept

Species is a group of population that can interbreed in nature and produce offspring

Ways of Speciation

Reproductive Isolation

  • Prezygotic Barriers

  • Postzygotic Barriers

Habitat Isolation

Temporal Isolation

Behavioral Isolation

Mechanical Isolation

Gametic Isolation

Reduced Hybird Viability

Reduced Hybird Fertility

Hybird Breakdown

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