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Feminist Aesthetics and Art
Jean-Léon Gérôme <Buying a Slave>, (1857)
Jean-Léon Gérôme <A Roman Slave Market>, (1884)
Jean-Léon Gérôme <The Slave Market>, (1877)
Tintoretto, Susanna and Elders, (1556)
Artemisia Gentileschi, Susanna and Elders, (1610)
"the mirror was often used as a symbol of the vanity of woman. The moralizing, however, was mostly hypocritical."
"The real function of the mirror was otherwise. It was to make the woman connive/conspire in treating herself as, first and foremost, a sight/spectacle."
"She is not naked as she is,
She is naked as the spectator sees her.
Tintoretto, Susanna and Elders, (1560)
Hans Memling, <Vanity>, (1485)
KENNETH CLARK
It is a distinction between bodies deprived of clothes, huddled and defenseless, and the body clothed in art: the nude is the body re-formed rather than deformed, balanced, prosperous and confident.
The transformation from the naked to the nude is thus the shift from the actual to the ideal,
the move from a perception of unformed, corporeal matter to the recognition of unity and constraint, the regulated economy of art.
It is this process of transfiguration that renders the nude the perfect subject for the work of art.
Nead's critique
Nude/Naked
Reason/Emotion
Culture/Nature
Mind/Body(desire)
In the average European oil painting of the nude, the principal protagonist is never painted. He is the spectator in front of the picture and he is presumed to be a man.
Everything is addressed to him. Everything must appear to be the result of his being there.
It is for him that the figures have assumed their nudity.
But he, by definition, is a stranger - with his clothes still on.
To be naked is to be oneself.
To be nude is to be seen naked by others and yet not recognized for oneself. A naked body has to be seen as an object in order to become a nude. (The sight of it as an object stimulates the use of it as an object.)
Nakedness reveals itself. Nudity is placed on display.
To be naked is to be without disguise.
To be on display(nudity) is to have the surface of one's own skin, the hairs of one's own body, turned into a disguise which, in that situation, can never be discarded.
The nude is condemned to never being naked.
Nudity is a form of dress.
Angelo Bronzino, Venus, Cupid and Time (Allegory of Lust), (1546)
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