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History
Political Science
Literature
Hegemony and Counter-Hegemony
Domination
-force, coercion, state, power
Primary Idea
HISTORICAL MATERIALISM
Primitive Communism
Feudalism
Capitalism
Ancient Mode of Production
Means of Production
Publicly and collectively owned machines, factories, and other productive forces.
Characteristic
Production intended to directly satisfy human needs.
Perfect and ideal system of human affairs
Marxist Criticism (1930s-present)
Literature reflects class struggle and materialism. Marxists generally view literature "not as works created in accordance with timeless artistic criteria, but as 'products' of the economic and ideological determinants specific to that era" (Abrams 149).
A very basic way of thinking about literary theory is that these ideas act as different lenses critics use to view and talk about art, literature, and even culture. These different lenses allow critics to consider works of art based on certain assumptions within that school of theory.
General Objectives
To provide a relation between Rizal's novel Noli Me Tangere and counter-hegemony by using Marxist criticism.
1. To determine the ways on how Rizal expand counter-hegemony by using the characters and events in his novel Noli Me Tangere.
2.To determine the extent of Noli Me Tangere on providing Marxist ideology.
3. To identify Rizal's objetive in writing Noli Me Tangere.
4. To identify Rizal's purpose of presenting events of oppression and tyranny.
5. To determine the character's roles in the struggling
a. Elias life and revenge
b. Maria Clara's struggles
c. Tasio's philosophical arguments
6. To determine the symbolism of characters and events.
7. To determine if there is a significant relation between Marxism and Noli Me Tangere.
Primary Source of Data
-Interview
Secondary Source of Data
-Documents
Qualitative Research
Historic...
Qualitative Research
Historical Research
Metropolitan Medical Center- Collge of Arts Science and Technology, Manila
-Papers
-Consultations
-Transcriptions
-Data Analysis
Historical Institutes and Libraries, Manila
-Document Gatherings
Office of the Interviewee
-Interview
Non-Probability Sampling
Judgemental or Purposive Sampling
-Requirements: professional in history, politics and literature especially in the study of Noli Me Tangere and Communist Manifesto.
Teachers, Historians, Lingusists, Political Scientist Socialists and Communists
Important Variables:
Marxsism
Noli Me Tangere
Contradiction
Hegemony
Rizal
Implication
Discourses
Literary Criticism
Class Contradiction and Hegemony: Marxist Literary Criticism of Rizal's Noli Me Tangere
Karl Marx Ideology of Communism: Implication on Rizal's Noli Me Tangere
Marxism and Hegemony Characterization: Discourses in Rizal's Noli Me Tangere
Statement of the Problem
1.To what extent does Noli Me Tangere provide in expanding and describing counter-hegemony?
2.What are the implications of Noli Me Tangere's characters and events in the struggle of the oppressor and oppressed as reflected from Marxism?
3. What is the relationship Noli Me Tangere's culture of hegemony and counter- hegemony in the ideology of Communism?
Abrams, M.H.(1999) "Marxist Criticism." A Glossary of Literary Terms.
7th ed. Fort Worth Harcourt Brace College Publishers,147-153.
Cristobal, Adrian (1986): “Elias: The Ethics of Revolution” Rizal: Contrary
Essay Petronilio Daroy and Dolores S. Fari (eds.).
Quezon City: Guro Books, 81-84
Culdon, J.A at C.E Preston (1999): The Penguin Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory. London: Penguin Books,
Retrieved at www.researchgate.net
Delahoyde, Michael (2000): Introduction to Literature. Washington StateUniverity Retrieved at thttps://public.wsu.edu/~delahoyd/marxist.crit.html
Gramsci, Antonio (1971): Selections from the Prison Notebooks. Quintin Hoare and Geoffrey Nowell Smith (eds. And trans.) New York: International Publishers
Retrieved at http://abahlali.org/files/gramsci.pdf
Lopez,Salvador (1986)“Maria Clara: Paragon or Caricature?” Rizal Contrary Essays. Petronilio Daroy and Dolores S. Fari (eds.). Quezon City: Guro Books, 81-84
Rizal, Jose (1976) Political and Historical Writings . Manila: National Historical Institute
Retrieved at http://www.xeniaeditrice.it/polhistwrocrpdf.pdf
Sison,Jose Ma. (1986) :“The Subversive” Rizal: Contrary Essays. Petronilio Daroy and Dolores S. Fari (eds.). Quezon City: Guro Books, 81-84
Tablan, Ferdinand(2011): Kaisipang Sosyalismo sa mga Akda ni Amado V. Hernandez Kritike Volume 5 Number One
Retrieved at http://www.kritike.org/journal/issue_9/tablan_june2011.pdf