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Class Contradiction and Hegemony: Marxist Literary Criticism of Rizal's Noli Me Tangere

Introduction

INTRODUCTION

History

Political Science

Literature

Noli Me Tangere

Opressors vs Opressed

Spanish Colonization

Opressors vs Opressed

Hegemony and Counter-Hegemony

Domination

-force, coercion, state, power

Characaters

Communist Manifesto

-Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

Communist Manifesto

Primary Idea

OPPOSITION

SOCIAL CLASSES

HISTORICAL MATERIALISM

Primitive Communism

Feudalism

SOCIAL CLASSES

Capitalism

Ancient Mode of Production

SOCIALISM AND COMMUNISM

SOCIALISM AND COMMUNISM

Means of Production

Publicly and collectively owned machines, factories, and other productive forces.

Characteristic

Production intended to directly satisfy human needs.

Perfect and ideal system of human affairs

Cow Analogy

Cow Analogy

BACK-GROUND OF THE STUDY

Background of The Study

Marxist Criticism (1930s-present)

Literature reflects class struggle and materialism. Marxists generally view literature "not as works created in accordance with timeless artistic criteria, but as 'products' of the economic and ideological determinants specific to that era" (Abrams 149).

Literary Theory

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

A very basic way of thinking about literary theory is that these ideas act as different lenses critics use to view and talk about art, literature, and even culture. These different lenses allow critics to consider works of art based on certain assumptions within that school of theory.

Literary Theory Map

Literary Theory Map

OBJECTIVES

General Objectives

To provide a relation between Rizal's novel Noli Me Tangere and counter-hegemony by using Marxist criticism.

Specific Objectives

Specific Objectives

1. To determine the ways on how Rizal expand counter-hegemony by using the characters and events in his novel Noli Me Tangere.

2.To determine the extent of Noli Me Tangere on providing Marxist ideology.

3. To identify Rizal's objetive in writing Noli Me Tangere.

4. To identify Rizal's purpose of presenting events of oppression and tyranny.

5. To determine the character's roles in the struggling

a. Elias life and revenge

b. Maria Clara's struggles

c. Tasio's philosophical arguments

6. To determine the symbolism of characters and events.

7. To determine if there is a significant relation between Marxism and Noli Me Tangere.

METHDOLOGY

Primary Source of Data

-Interview

Secondary Source of Data

-Documents

Research Design

Qualitative Research

Historic...

Qualitative Research

Historical Research

Research Locale

Metropolitan Medical Center- Collge of Arts Science and Technology, Manila

-Papers

-Consultations

-Transcriptions

-Data Analysis

Historical Institutes and Libraries, Manila

-Document Gatherings

Office of the Interviewee

-Interview

Respondents and Sampling Technique

Non-Probability Sampling

Judgemental or Purposive Sampling

-Requirements: professional in history, politics and literature especially in the study of Noli Me Tangere and Communist Manifesto.

Teachers, Historians, Lingusists, Political Scientist Socialists and Communists

Operational Framework

Operational Framework

TITLES

Important Variables:

Marxsism

Noli Me Tangere

Contradiction

Hegemony

Rizal

Implication

Discourses

Literary Criticism

Title #1

Class Contradiction and Hegemony: Marxist Literary Criticism of Rizal's Noli Me Tangere

Title #2

Karl Marx Ideology of Communism: Implication on Rizal's Noli Me Tangere

Title #3

Marxism and Hegemony Characterization: Discourses in Rizal's Noli Me Tangere

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Statement of the Problem

1.To what extent does Noli Me Tangere provide in expanding and describing counter-hegemony?

2.What are the implications of Noli Me Tangere's characters and events in the struggle of the oppressor and oppressed as reflected from Marxism?

3. What is the relationship Noli Me Tangere's culture of hegemony and counter- hegemony in the ideology of Communism?

REFERENCES

Abrams, M.H.(1999) "Marxist Criticism." A Glossary of Literary Terms.

7th ed. Fort Worth Harcourt Brace College Publishers,147-153.

Cristobal, Adrian (1986): “Elias: The Ethics of Revolution” Rizal: Contrary

Essay Petronilio Daroy and Dolores S. Fari (eds.).

Quezon City: Guro Books, 81-84

Culdon, J.A at C.E Preston (1999): The Penguin Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory. London: Penguin Books,

Retrieved at www.researchgate.net

Delahoyde, Michael (2000): Introduction to Literature. Washington StateUniverity Retrieved at thttps://public.wsu.edu/~delahoyd/marxist.crit.html

Gramsci, Antonio (1971): Selections from the Prison Notebooks. Quintin Hoare and Geoffrey Nowell Smith (eds. And trans.) New York: International Publishers

Retrieved at http://abahlali.org/files/gramsci.pdf

Lopez,Salvador (1986)“Maria Clara: Paragon or Caricature?” Rizal Contrary Essays. Petronilio Daroy and Dolores S. Fari (eds.). Quezon City: Guro Books, 81-84

Continuation....

Rizal, Jose (1976) Political and Historical Writings . Manila: National Historical Institute

Retrieved at http://www.xeniaeditrice.it/polhistwrocrpdf.pdf

Sison,Jose Ma. (1986) :“The Subversive” Rizal: Contrary Essays. Petronilio Daroy and Dolores S. Fari (eds.). Quezon City: Guro Books, 81-84

Tablan, Ferdinand(2011): Kaisipang Sosyalismo sa mga Akda ni Amado V. Hernandez Kritike Volume 5 Number One

Retrieved at http://www.kritike.org/journal/issue_9/tablan_june2011.pdf

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