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Cross-Cultural Adaptation Theory

Young Yun Kim

OVERVIEW

Culture Shock

"Strangers"

Who experiences it?

Students on study abroad

Expatriates

Migrant workers

Diplomats

Immigrants

Refugees

Who experiences it?

What's next?

Why do those who travel other places experience this?

TENETS

Dimensions

Personal Communication

Social Communication

Ethnic Social Communication

Personal communication used to interact with the host through mass communication or interpersonal communication

Successful adaptation is marked by a stranger's internal communication mostly overlapping with the host internal communication

Communication between co-ethnics through interpersonal and mass communication channels; Co-ethnics do not necessarily have to be in the same host country

Environment

Predisposition

The extent to which a stranger's individual factors or preexisting conditions (like personality) determine ability to fit into a society

Context where majority of communication is carried out - includes workplace, community, and neighborhood milieus

Critiques

CRITICISMS

- New theory

- Focuses on micro details (the individual)

- Refugees without cultural orientation

Sources

SOURCES

Anderson, L. E. (1994). A new look at an old construct: Cross-cultural adaptation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 18(3), 293–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-1767(94)90035-3

Chen, Z. J. (2016). Introduction: The New Challenge to Cross-cultural Adaptation and Transformation in the Context of Globalization, 3.

Cui, G., van de Berg, S., & Jiang, Y. (1998). Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Ethnic Communication: Two Structural Equation Models. Howard Journal of Communications, 9(1), 69–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/106461798247122

Kim, Y.Y. (2001). Becoming Intercultural: An Integrative Theory of Communication & Cross-Cultural Adaptation. Retrieved from http://mutex.gmu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cax&AN=CAX0250010000039&site=ehost-live

Kim, Y. Y., & McKay-Semmler, K. (2013). Social engagement and cross-cultural adaptation: An examination of direct- and mediated interpersonal communication activities of educated non-natives in the United States. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 37(1), 99–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2012.04.015

McKay-Semmler, K., & Kim, Y. Y. (2014). Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Hispanic Youth: A Study of Communication Patterns, Functional Fitness, and Psychological Health. Communication Monographs, 81(2), 133–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2013.870346

Nwanko, R., & Onwumechili, C. (n.d.). Communication and social values in cross‐cultural adjustment. Howard Journal of Communications, 3(1-2), 99–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/10646179109359740

Pitts, Margaret J. (2009). Identity and the role of expectations, stress, and talk in short-term student sojourner adjustment: An application of the integrative theory of communication and cross-cultural adaptation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 33(6), 450–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2009.07.002

Pitts, Margaret Jane. (2016). Sojourner reentry: a grounded elaboration of the integrative theory of communication and cross-cultural adaptation. Communication Monographs, 83(4), 419–445. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2015.1128557

Zimányi, K. (2012). Conflict recognition, prevention and resolution in mental health interpreting: Exploring Kim’s cross-cultural adaptation model. Journal of Language and Politics, 11(2), 207–228. https://doi.org/10.1075/jlp.11.2.03zim

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