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"Strangers"
Students on study abroad
Expatriates
Migrant workers
Diplomats
Immigrants
Refugees
Personal Communication
Social Communication
Ethnic Social Communication
Personal communication used to interact with the host through mass communication or interpersonal communication
Successful adaptation is marked by a stranger's internal communication mostly overlapping with the host internal communication
Communication between co-ethnics through interpersonal and mass communication channels; Co-ethnics do not necessarily have to be in the same host country
Environment
Predisposition
The extent to which a stranger's individual factors or preexisting conditions (like personality) determine ability to fit into a society
Context where majority of communication is carried out - includes workplace, community, and neighborhood milieus
- New theory
- Focuses on micro details (the individual)
- Refugees without cultural orientation
Anderson, L. E. (1994). A new look at an old construct: Cross-cultural adaptation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 18(3), 293–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-1767(94)90035-3
Chen, Z. J. (2016). Introduction: The New Challenge to Cross-cultural Adaptation and Transformation in the Context of Globalization, 3.
Cui, G., van de Berg, S., & Jiang, Y. (1998). Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Ethnic Communication: Two Structural Equation Models. Howard Journal of Communications, 9(1), 69–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/106461798247122
Kim, Y.Y. (2001). Becoming Intercultural: An Integrative Theory of Communication & Cross-Cultural Adaptation. Retrieved from http://mutex.gmu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cax&AN=CAX0250010000039&site=ehost-live
Kim, Y. Y., & McKay-Semmler, K. (2013). Social engagement and cross-cultural adaptation: An examination of direct- and mediated interpersonal communication activities of educated non-natives in the United States. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 37(1), 99–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2012.04.015
McKay-Semmler, K., & Kim, Y. Y. (2014). Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Hispanic Youth: A Study of Communication Patterns, Functional Fitness, and Psychological Health. Communication Monographs, 81(2), 133–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2013.870346
Nwanko, R., & Onwumechili, C. (n.d.). Communication and social values in cross‐cultural adjustment. Howard Journal of Communications, 3(1-2), 99–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/10646179109359740
Pitts, Margaret J. (2009). Identity and the role of expectations, stress, and talk in short-term student sojourner adjustment: An application of the integrative theory of communication and cross-cultural adaptation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 33(6), 450–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2009.07.002
Pitts, Margaret Jane. (2016). Sojourner reentry: a grounded elaboration of the integrative theory of communication and cross-cultural adaptation. Communication Monographs, 83(4), 419–445. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2015.1128557
Zimányi, K. (2012). Conflict recognition, prevention and resolution in mental health interpreting: Exploring Kim’s cross-cultural adaptation model. Journal of Language and Politics, 11(2), 207–228. https://doi.org/10.1075/jlp.11.2.03zim