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personality & Machine learning

The Great Philosophers

The Great Philosophers

Renaissance masterpiece depicting the great philosophers of the classical era, painted by Raphael between 1509–1511

The two central figures

Why did Raphael depict them like this?

Plato pointing to the skies and his student, Aristotle, pointing towards the earth

Plato

Plato's

theory of Forms

The world we are living in, the material world, is only a shadow of the ideal world

Forms: Plato calls these perfect or ideal things their Forms

Eg: an apple we see in this world is an imperfect reflection of the perfect apple that resides in the ideal world

Theory of Forms is not limited to objects, but also like the Form of education, the Form of friendship and so on

Plato points the skies because of his belief that the Forms are in another world

Aristotle

Aristotle's claim

  • Aristotle, however, goes against his teacher and claims that the material world is real

  • The Form resides inside the thing in question, in the material world. If there is no apple, there is no applehood

  • In contrast Aristotle points the earth saying Forms can actually be found in the physical world

What's the difference?

Differences

They both believe in Forms but disagree on whether they exist in another world (Plato) or in this world (Aristotle)

Problem of universals in metaphysics

Problem of universals in metaphysics

  • Universals: are the things that two or more entities have in common (e.g. being a cat or the ideal cat according to Plato)
  • Particulars: universal has instances called particulars (eg: Garfield is a particular cat. He has properties common to all cats, like trying to fit into a box, and other properties that not every cat has such as being lazy, cynical and orange)

Philosophers discuss whether universals really exist, and if so, where they reside

What is Personality?

Origin

The word “personality” originates from the Latin word persona, which means “mask.”

Example

Example

How would you plot Force (N) vs. Acceleration (m/s²) behavior of an object with m = 2 kg?

Observed Behaviour

(Data)

Imperfection

(Noise)

F = m * a + noise

Ideal Vs Observed Behaviour

Expected or Ideal Behaviour

(Signal)

Machine learning algorithms

Machine learning algorithms

  • Machine learning algorithms try to learn the signal inside the data

  • These algorithms don’t know which part of the data is signal and which part of it is noise

Fit tries to find the signal

Fit is almost equal to the signal. The machine learning algorithm had no idea about the signal used to generate this data

Machine learning and the problem of universals

Correspondence between Machine learning and the problem of universals

Eg: Building a Bengal cat classifier

Machine Learning:

Data = Signal + Noise

  • You collect Bengal cat images (the data) and train a convolutional neural network (CNN) for this task

  • The algorithm looks at the data, separates signal (universal bengal cat) from the noise (particular things e.g. one cat has a scar, in another image there is a tree at the background etc.) and hence learns what an ideal Bengal cat should look like

  • The algorithm stores what it learned as parameters called “weights”. In other words, weights of the CNN after training corresponds to the universal bengal cat — the signal

Problem of Universals:

What we see = Universals + Particular properties

Key Takeaway

Machine learning algorithms are aiming to learn the universals (also called Forms or signal) inside the data

we and they

AI

human beings can do everything that AI can do

they just cant do it to scale...

- Anne Marie Neatham, COO, Ocado Technology

  • more data
  • better algorithms
  • better service
  • more usage

the cylce

AI Factory

factory

  • user engagement
  • data collection
  • algorithm design
  • prediction
  • and improvement

AI centric operational model

it is powered by software infrastructure gathers data and trains and executes algorithms that virtually influence every aspect of the business.

Netflix

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