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Water and Solution

Form 2 / Chapter 5

By Mr. Lee Cheng Yun

24/05/2019

This Chapter

Intro

Water (Air)

Solution (Larutan)

Water Problems ( Isu Air)

Water - Air (H2O)

1. Physical Characteristics (Sifat2 Fizik)

2. Capillary Action (Tindakan Kapilari)

Water

Water (Air)

Water

Two Main Physical Characteristics (Dua sifat fizik utama)

1. Surface tension (Ketegangan Permukaan)

2. Capillary Action (Tindakan Kapilari)

Surface

Surface Tension (Ketegangan Air)

1. Formed due to strong cohesive force between molecules of water

(Dibentuk oleh daya lekitan antara molekul-molekul air)

2. Forms elastic membrane (membentuk membran yang kenyal)

Capillary

Capillary Action (Tindakan Kapilari)

1. Due to Cohesive and Adhesive Force

(Disebabkan oleh daya lekitan dan daya lekutan)

2. Two types of Capillary Action

(Dua jenis tindakan kapilari)

- Capillary Attraction (Tarikan Kapilari)

- Capillary Repulsion (Tolakan Kapilari)

Meniscus

Capillary Actions

1. A concave meniscus is formed when adhesive force > cohesive force

(Meniskus berbentuk cekung akan dibentuk apabila daya lekatan > daya lekitan)

2. A convex meniscus is formed when cohesive force > adhesive force

(Meniskus berbentuk cembung akan dibentuk apabila daya lekitan > daya lekatan)

Is

Water Composition / Komposisi Air

1. 2 Hydrogen (H) atoms & 1 Oxygen (O). H2O.

(2 atom Hidrogen (H) & 1 atom Oksigen (O)).

2. Can be broken down by electrolysis (Boleh diuraikan melalui elektrolisis)

Test for Gases (Ujian Gas)

Life

Impurities / (Bendasing)

1. What are impurities? (Apakah itu bendasing?)

2. Effect of impurities on water (Kesan Bendasing terhadap air)

- Melting point of Ice (Takat lebur ais)

- Boiling point of water (Takat didih air)

- Density of water (Ketumpatan air)

- Surface tension of water (Sifat ketegangan air)

Evaporation of Water / (Penyejatan Air)

1. Air movement (Pergerakan angin)

2. Temperature (Suhu)

3. Surface area (Keluasaan Permukaan)

4. Humidity (Kelembapan)

Application / (Applikasi)

Solution & Rate of Solubility

(Larutan dan Kadar Keterlarutan)

Solution

Solute, Solvent & Solution

(Zat Terlarut, Pelarut & Larutan)

What?

What is what?

1. Solute - To be dissolved

(Zat Larut - Dilarut)

2. Solvent - To dissolve

(Pelarut - Melarut)

3. Solution - Mixture of both

(Larutan - Campuran)

1

Solution (Larutan)

2

1. Amount of solute (Jumlah kandungan zat terlarut)

2. Dissolvability (Kelarutan)

3. Content of undissolved solute (Kandungan zat terlarut yang tidak larut)

Solution and Suspension (Larutan dan Ampaian)

3

1. Composition (Komposisi)

2. Appearance (Rupa)

3. Penetration of light (Penembusan cahaya)

4. Left to stand (Dibiarkan sekita)

5. Filterability (Kebolehturasan)

Solubility (Kelarutan)

Solubility

1. Temperature of solvent (Suhu Pelarut)

2. Rate of stirring (Kadar kacauan)

3. Size of solute (Saiz zat terlarut)

Colloid (Koloid)

1. Mixture of two or more solutes that disperse evenly in a solvent (Campuran dua atau lebih zat terlarut yang tersebar secara sekata dalam pelarut)

2. Types of colloids

- Emulsion (Emulsi)

- Foam (Busa)

- Gel (Gel)

4

Water is Universal Solvent

(Air sebgai Pelarut Semesta)

1. Dissolves a lot of substances (Boleh melarutkan kebanyakan bahan)

2. Water can dissolve...

5

Impact

Organic Solvent (Pelarut Organik)

1. To dissolve substances that water cannot dissolve

(Melarutkan bahan yang tidak boleh dilarut oleh air)

2. Carbon-based solvents (Pelarut berasas karbon)

3. Volatile, carcinogenic, combustible, toxic

(Mudah meruap, karsinogenik, mudah terbakar, beracun)

4. Alcohol, kerosene, acetone and turpentine

(Alkohol, kerosin, aseton, turpentin)

Water

Water Problems

1. Water Purification (Pembersihan Air)

2. Water Shortage (Kekurangan Air)

3. Water Supply System (Sistem Pembekalan Air)

4. Water Pollution (Pencemaran Air)

Purify

Short

Supply

Pollute

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