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Zinc, Application and

Production of Zinc Oxide

Şemsi Melih GÜLEN

Contents

- What is Zinc?

- Physical and Chemical Properties of Zinc

- Resources of Zinc

- Application of Zinc Oxide

- Process of Zinc Oxide

+ American Process

+ French Process

What is Zinc ?

What is Zinc

What is Zinc ?

Zinc is a chemical element with symbol Zn and atomic number 30. It is the first element in group 12 of the periodic table. In some respects zinc is chemically similar to magnesium: both elements exhibit only one normal oxidation state (+2), and the Zn2+ and Mg2+ ions are of similar size

Zinc in its elemental form is a bluish-white metal. Zinc is found naturally at low concentrations in many rocks and soils principally as sulphide ores and to a lesser degree as carbonates.

The element was probably named by the alchemist Paracelsus after the German word Zinke (prong, tooth). German chemist Andreas Sigismund Marggraf is credited with discovering pure metallic zinc in 1746. Work by Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta uncovered the electrochemical properties of zinc by 1800

Physical and Chemical Properties

Physical and Chemical Properties

It is +2 in zinc compounds. They are covalently bound in their compounds and make complex compounds with amines, cyanides, ammonia and halogens. The reaction with mineral acids leads to H2 release and dissolves. Generally nitric acid is NOx out.

It is an effective reducer in case of dust. It is resistant to halogens even at high temperatures and reacts violently with elements such as chlorine, oxygen, and sulfur at high temperatures. It dissolves in water with high amounts of sulphate salts and chlorine with a hard amalgam of mercury. The silicate, oxide, phosphate and organic complexes of zinc are very slowly soluble in water

Resources of Zinc

Application of Zinc Oxide

Process of Zinc Oxide

Process of Zinc Oxide

Since the first years of ZnO production, devices used in ZnO production have evolved by keeping pace with technology, but there has been no significant change in metallurgy.

ZnO is commercially available; French Process, American Process and Electrothermal Process. The French process is based on the oxidation of Zn vapor, which is formed by heating Zn metal at high temperature, by air oxidation. The American Process; Direct reduction of the Zn ore by carbon produces ZnO, which is oxidized by air oxidation of the resulting Zn vapor. Electrothermal Prosthetics uses the heat generated by the electrical resistance of the furnace charge to reduce the ZnO ore, unlike the American Process.

- French Process

Zinc metal needs to be oxidized. This is also done by burning with air. It is called In-direct process.

It is in the form of zinc sulphide and carbonate sprouts in the soil, from the nature. The zinc oxide is obtained as a result of their processing.

2ZnS + 3O2 - > 2ZnO + 2SO2

Almost 75% of this process oxydin is used in the rubber industry. It is the reason why it does not contain sulfur-oxygen compounds

- American Process

Some of the chemical reactions that take place in the process are as follows,

1) Reduction of Zn content of Zn ore (ZnCO3) to carbon at 1000-1200 oC and formation of Zn vapor. The resulting Zn is ready to be oxidized for enrichment of the vapor-phase ore and the impurities are greatly reduced

C(k) + 1/2O2(g) - > CO(g)

ZnO(k) + CO(g) - > Zn(b) + CO2(g) (1000-1200 oC)

2) Obtaining ZnO by oxidation of Zn vapor

Zn(k) + 1/2O2(g) - > ZnO(k)

3) Reduction of CO2 from Zn vapor to CO

CO2(g) + C(k) - > 2CO(g) (1100-1200 oC)

- Electrothermic Process

The electrothermal process is almost the same as the American process, zinc oxide production is an endothermic reaction and the required energy is taken electric current.

That is why this process is called Electrothermic Process.

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