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By Ioanna Antoniou
The speech Robert Menzies gave over the radio
Australia declares war on Germany
On September 3rd 1939, Germany invaded Poland, resulting in Great Britain and France declaring war on Nazi Germany. As a result of this, Robert Menzies got onto the radio and declared War on Germany, to support Great Britain. There was a reluctance for the men to sign up for the war, due to the outcome of WW1.
Former Prime Minster, Robert Menzies
The bombing of Pearl Harbour was a surprise military attack by the Japanese on the United States due to their entry to WW2. The aim of this attack was to prevent the United States Pacific Fleet to prevent them from interfering with its planned military actions in Southeast Asia against overseas territories of the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands.
An article from December 7, day of Pearl Harbour Bombing
The Battle of Singapore, also known as the Fall of Singapore, took place in the South-East Asian Theatre of the Pacific War. The British Island and navel base of Singapore was taken by the Empire of Japan. Yamashita, the leader of the Japanese forces, entered Singapore on the 8th of February, with around 23,000 troops. Singapore fell. Singapore fell to the violence and persistence of the Japanese army, resulting in a victory of the Japanese.
This is an extract from an official British government report on the fall of Singapore in February 1942.
Map showing where the Japanese bombed
The bombing of Darwin was the largest single attack by a foregin power on Australia. 242 Japanese aircrafts attacked Darwin's Harbours and two airfields. Japan did this to destroy Darwin's northern defenses, so it could invade Timor, Asia and in the process send Australia a warning. The Japanese soldiers attacked the port and shipping in the harbour twice, killing 252 Allied service personnel and civilians.
Destruction from the air raids by the Japanese
The battle of the Coral Sea provided a chance for the U.S Navy to challenge the Japanese Navy with similar forces. This battle prevented the Japanese from invading Port Moresby and threatening Australia. The intent of the Japanese was to use islands of Tulagi, in the Solomons, and Deboyne off the east coast of New Guinea, as bases for flying boats. As a result, patrols would be conducted into the Coral Sea to protect Moresby's flank.
Artwork by Brian Clinton, showing the battle of the Coral Sea
The Battle of Kokoda was an invasion by Japan to take over Port Moresby, Papa New Guiena and use it as a base to attack Australia. The objective by the Japanese was to travel through the Kokoda Trail and capture Port Moresby. This would control Papa New Guinea and get them a step closer to attacking Australia. This battle was significant for Australians as there was a fear that Japan would get to home and take over.
A map showing the route taken by the Japanese and Australian Soliders
D-Day, also known as the Normandy landings, was the day the Allied forces landed on the beaches of Normandy, France to attack the German forces on the coast. The landing took place on a 50-mile stretch of the heavily fortified Normandy coast when some 156,000 US, British and Canadian forces landed. This was a major turning point for WW2 in Europe, as a result of th vicotry for the Allied powers.
The letter was written by General Dwight D. Eisenhower, encouraging the Allied soldiers who involved in the D-Day invasion
Cowra Outbreak
The Cowra Outbreak was a mass escape of about 400 Japanese prisoners of war from a prison camp in Cowra, New South Wales, Australia. It is known as the largest prison break that took place during World War 2. A prisoner of war camp site was set up to keep hostage the Japanese and Italian prisoners of war.
"We buried General Ushijima and his men inside a cave. This was the worst part of the war, which I didn't like about Okinawa. They were hiding in caves all the time, women, children, soldiers. We'd get up on the cliff and lower down barrels of gasoline and then shoot at it. It would explode and just bury them to death."
The battle of Okinawa was major battle that took place during the Pacific War. This battle was fought between the United States and Marine Corps forces against the Japanese Army on the Okinawa Islands. After the Fall of Iwo Jima, the Americans had planned to capture Okinawa, which would lead them closer to Japan. This war was a joint effort between the United States Army, Navy and Marine soldiers, which allows them to be fully armed with many troops and ships, outnumbering the Japanese.
Studs Terkel interviewed John Garcia about his experiences in Okinawa for his book, The Good War (1986)
The bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was a nuclear attack on the Japanese, by the Americans. A nuclear weapon was used for the first time in warfare, with a result of instantly killing 80,000 people. This bombing attack led to the Japanese surrendering against the Allied powers.
This is a telegram that was sent to Harry S Truman, the president at the time of the bombing, sent on the day of the Nagasaki bombing.